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STABLES, 


OUTBUILDINGS 


XSD 


FENCES. 


ILLUSTRATED  WITH  A  SERIES   OF  120  ORIGINAL  DESIGNS 
AND  PLANS,  WITH  DESCRIPTIVE  MATTER. 


BT 

GEORGE    E.    HARNEY, 

ARCHITECT, 

COLD  SPRING,  N.  Y.,  AND  NEWBURGH,  N.  T. 


NEW    YOEK: 
GEO.   E.  WOODWARD. 


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r^"^" 


Entered  according  to  an  Act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1870,  by 

GEORGE    E.    HARNEY, 

In  the  Clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York, 
and  copy  deposited  in  the  Library  of  Congress 


TABLE    OF   CONTENTS 


AND   DESCRIPTION   OF   PLATES. 


SECTION   FIRST— Stables. 


Plate  No.    1. — A  Cheap  Stable  for  Two  Horses. 

"  "      2. — A  Cheap  Stable  for  Two  Horses  and  a  Cow. 

"  "      3. — An  Ornamental  Stable  for  Two  Horses. 

"  "      4. — A  Brick  Stable  for  a  Horse  and  Cow. 

«  «      5.— A  Side-Hill  Stable. 

«  «      6.— A  Brick  Stable  for  Two  Horses. 

«  «      7.— A  Wooden  Stable  for  Three  Horses. 

«  "      8.— A  Brick  Stable  for  Three  Horses. 

«  "      9.— A  Brick  Stable  with  Shed  Attached. 

«  "  10.— A  Brick  Stable  with  Box  Stall. 

"  "  11. — A  Basement  Stable  for  Four  Horses. 

"  "  12. — An  Ornamental  Stable  for  Four  Horses. 

"  "13  and  14. — A  Large  Stable  of  French  Design. 

«  "  15.— A  Stone  Stable. 

"  "  16  and  17. — A  Complete  Stable  with  Lodge  and  Sheds. 

«  "  18  and  19.— A  Brick  Stable  for  Eight  Horses. 

SECTION  SECOND — ^Faem  BuiLDrNGs  and  Outbuildings. 

Plates  No.  20  and  21. — Plumbiish  Farmhouse. 
"         "     22  and  23.— Plumbush  Barn. 


CONTENTS. 

Plate  No.  24. — Plumbush  Henery,  etc. 

"  "     25,  26  and  27.— Barn  for  a  Large  Stock  Farm, 

"  "     28.— Manure-Pit  for  the  Same. 

"  "     29, — Dairy  Building  for  the  Same. 

«  "     30  and  31.— A  Basement  Barn. 

«  «     32.— Outbuilding  for  a  Village  Lot. 

"  "     33. — Another  Outbuilding. 

«  "     34.— Stable  and  Shed  Combined. 

"  "     35.— A  Complete  Outbuilding. 

"  "     36. — Design  for  a  Poultry-House. 

"  "     37. — An  Extensive  Poultry-House, 

"  "     38. — An  Ornamental  Poultry- House. 

«  "    39.— An  Ice- House. 

"  "     40. — A  Swiss  Farm-House. 

"  "     41.— A  Billiard-House. 

SECTION  THIRD— Gates,  Gateways  and  Fences. 

Plate  No.  42. — Six  Designs  for  Finished  Fences. 

"  "    43. — Six  Iron  and  Stone  Fences, 

«  "    44.— Six  Rustic  Fences. 

"  "    45 — Two  Rustic  Gateways. 

"  "    46. — ^Two  Rustic  Gateways. 

"  "    47. — Three  Carriage  Gateways. 

«  "    48.— Six  Single  Gates. 

«  «    49.— A  Stone  Gate-House. 

«  "    50.— Six  Rustic  Structures, 


SUPPLEMENT, 

Plates  Nos.  51  to  62. — Stable  Fittings  and  Furnittire. 


PREFACE. 

In  the  following  pages  will  be  found  a  series  of  designs  for  the  different  kinds  of  out- 
buildings required  on  farms  and  country  places  generally,  and  on  village  and  suburban  lots, 
besides  a  number  of  suggestions  for  gateways  and  fences,  and  for  mstic  structures  of  several 
kinds. 

The  work  is  divided  into  three  sections. 

Section  First  comprises  sixteen  designs  for  stables  of  various  style  and  accommodation, 
commencing  with  a  cheap  building  for  a  small  village  lot,  and  concluding  with  an  expensive 
structure  for  a  large  and  complete  country  place. 

Some  of  the  designs  are  for  wood  construction,  some  for  brick,  and  one  for  stone,  but 
in  any  design  the  material  may  of  course  be  varied  to  suit  the  fancy  of  the  builder. 

In  Section  Second  will  be  found  illustrations  of  various  kinds  of  buildings  suitable  for 
farming  purposes,  besides  a  number  of  designs  for  the  smaller  kinds  of  buildings  which  are 
adjuncts  to  the  houses  on  suburban  and  village  lots  —  such  as  wood-houses,  tool -houses, 
workshops,  poultry-houses,  an  ice-house,  a  Swiss  Chalet,  and  a  design  for  a  small  billiard- 
house.  There  are  two  sets  of  complete  farm  buildings  in  this  section,  one  of  which  has 
been  erected  near  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  The  other  set  was  designed  for  erection  in  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.,  but,  so  far  as  we  know,  has  never  been  carried  into  execution. 

Section  TTii/rd  is  devoted  principally  to  enclosures ;  and  we  here  present  designs  for 
rustic  and  finished  fences  and  gateways,  covered  gateways,  carriage  gates,  a  design  for  a 
gate-house  and  gate  combined,  and  several  other  rustic  structures  —  such  a  staibles,  sum- 
mer-houses, well  houses,  etc. 

(v) 


VI  PREFACE. 

It  has  been  our  aim  to  present  as  great  a  variety  of  designs  as  possible,  and,  altbougb 
it  would  be  impossible  to  suit  all  tastes  as  to  design,  and  all  requirements  as  to  accommoda- 
tion, in  a  work  of  this  kind,  yet  it  is  hoped  that,  as  most  of  them  have  been  made  to  suit 
cases  occurring  in  the  ordinary  run  of  professional  practice,  they  will  meet  the  general 
demands  of  the  market. 

No  estimates  are  given.  Prices  in  these  times  vary  so  much  in  different  sections  of  the 
country,  and  in  the  same  sections  even,  at  different  times,  that  it  would  not  be  possible  to 
give  actual  and  accurate  figures  suited  to  all.  Even  in  the  same  locality,  six  months  may 
make  a  complete  change  in  the  prices  of  labor  and  materials,  and  estimates  of  cost  given 
now  would  only  serve  to  mislead  instead  of  aiding  the  person  desiring  to  build.  Therefore, 
it  has  been  thought  advisable  to  omit  them,  saying  only,  by  way  of  a  hint,  that,  generally 
speaking,  a  plain  wooden  stable  large  enough  to  accommodate  one  horse  and  a  couple  of 
carriages,  would  cost  about  $400 ;  one  for  two  horses,  $500  to  $600,  and  for  three  horses,  $800 
to  $900.  A  brick  stable  would  cost  about  one-third  more  than  one  of  the  same  design 
built  of  wood ;  and  stone,  three-quarters  moi'e,  or  nearly  double. 


STABLES,  OUTBUILDINGS,  AND   FENCES. 


SECTION  FIRST— Stables. 

SECTION   SECOND— Faem  Baens  and  Outbuildings. 

SECTION  THIRD— Gates.  Gateways  and  Fences. 


SECTION  FIRST. 


STABLES. 


SECTION   FIRST. 
Plate  No.  1. 

A  CHEAP   STABLE   FOE   TWO  HOESES. 

Commencing  with  the  cheapest  and  simplest,  we  offer  this  design  for  a  small  wooden  stable. 
The  main  portion  of  the  building  is  eighteen  feet  square,  and  one  story  and  a  half 
high.  In  the  first  story  is  the  carriage-room,  occupying  the  whole  of  the  space,  and  over  it  is 
the  loft  for  storing  hay  and  grain.  The  main  carriage-doors  are  seen  in  the  perspective  view, 
and  are  made  to  swing  outward,  being  hung  on  heavy  wrought  iron  strap  hinges,  and  fastened 
by  the  ordinary  swinging  bar  and  hook  on  the  inside.  The  hay  loft  is  filled  through  the  door 
in  the  end  directly  over  the  carriage-room  window.  At  the  rear  of  this  main  portion  is  a 
one-story  lean-to,  the  highest  part  of  its  roof  being  on  a  line  with  the  plate  of  the  main  roof, 
which  is  about  three  feet  above  the  loft  floor.  The  lean-to  roof  slants  from  this  to  the 
rear,  where  it  is  about  nine  feet  high.  This  rear  part  is  sixteen  feet  by  eighteen,  and  has  two 
stalls,  each  five  feet  by  nine.  There  is  a  passage  at  the  back  of  the  stalls  of  seven  feet  in 
width,  besides  another  five  feet  wide,  leading  to  the  carriage-room.  The  feed  is  all  kept  in 
the  loft,  and  is  mixed  there,  and  distributed  to  the  stalls  by  shoots  running  down  to  the 
mangers.  A  ventilating  shaft  also  runs  up  to  the  ridge  and  discharges  into  the  ventilator 
seen  in  the  picture.  The  stairway  to  the  loft  is  at  the  side  of  the  right  hand  stall,  and 
underneath  is  a  harness-closet  opening  from  the  carriage-room.  The  stalls  are  lighted  by 
two  twelve-light  windows  in  the  rear  wall,  and,  besides  these,  there  are  two  doors  in  this 
part,  one  leading  to  the  stable-yard  on  the  left,  and  the  other  to  the  manure-yard,  on  the 
right  of  the  plan.  The  manure-yard  is  twelve  feet  by  eighteen,  and  is  designed  to  be  sur- 
rounded by  a  tight  board  fence  six  feet  high,  with  a  wide  gateway  in  some  convenient  place, 
for  loading  its  contents  into  a  wagon  when  it  is  to  be  cleaned  out. 

The  construction  of  this  building  is  very  simple.  The  walls  may  be  studded  up  and 
clapboarded,  or  boarded  up  vertically  and  battened.  The  roof  is  shingled,  and  the  eaves 
project  two  feet  all  around.  The  floors  are  of  two-inch  plank,  and  the  foundations  of  rough 
stone,  commencing  about  three  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  stopping  just  above 
the  grade  line.  The  base,  corner  boards  and  window  and  door  trimmings  are  of  pine,  inch  and 
a  quarter  thick  and  five  inches  wide,  and  the  doors  are  of  two  thicknesses  screwed  together. 

An  improvement  on  this  plan  would  be  to  put  the  main  barn  doors  where  the  window  is, 
in  the  gable  end,  and  then  build  a  lean-to  on  the  nearest  side,  exactly  similar  to  the  one  on  the 
other  side.  Leave  the  front  open,  and  use  the  space  as  a  shed  to  drive  under  and  tie  a  horse 
in  at  any  time.  The  building  would  then  be  perfectly  symmetrical,  and  very  complete  for 
so  small  a  stable. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  I 


A  Cheap  Stable  for  Two  Horses. 


PERSPECTIVE   VIEW 


PASSAGE  7  TTwide 


PASSAGE 

5  FT 


STALL 


MANURE 
YARD 
12  -    IB 


Carriage  Room 


Li 


PLAN 


SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No.  2. 

A  CHEAP  STABLE  FOE  TWO  HORSES  AND  A  COW. 

This  design,  somewhat  larger  than  No.  1,  was  built  a  few  years  ago  for  a  gentleman  in 
Massachusetts,  at  a  cost  of  less  than  five  hundred  dollars,  and  is  a  fair  sample  of  the  accom- 
modation usually  required  for  an  ordinary  New  England  village  stable. 

It  measures  twenty-five  feet  by  thirty-two,  is  built  of  wood  and  covered  in  the  vertical 
and  battened  manner,  and  has  a  shingled  roof,  surmounted  by  a  ventilator. 

The  treatment  of  the  exterior  could  not  well  be  more  simple,  as  regard  was  had  to  tlie 
strictest  economy  in  every  particular. 

There  is  no  base,  but  the  ends  of  the  boards  project  down  over  the  face  of  the  brick 
underpinning  an  inch  or  two,  to  cover  the  joint  of  the  sill,  and  there  are  sawed  square  off. 
The  window  and  door  trimmings  are  five  inches  wide,  and  the  eaves  project  eighteen  inches, 
and  are  bordered  by  a  simple  strip,  four  inches  in  width,  nailed  against  the  ends  of  the  raft- 
ers, and  this  same  finish  is  carried  up  the  gables,  and  also  around  the  little  gable  over  the 
hay-loft  door. 

Inside,  we  find  a  carriage-room  twelve  feet  by  twenty-five,  having  a  double  door  in  the 
front,  and  a  smaller  one  leading  to  the  horse-stalls  ;  two  stalls  for  horses,  each  five  feet  by 
nine ;  a  cow  stall  four  feet  wide ;  a  staircase  leading  up  to  the  hay-loft,  with  a  closet  under- 
neath it ;  a  large  closet  for  harnesses,  and  a  tool-room  adjoining  it  ;  another  closet  for  feed, 
and  close  by  it  a  pump,  drawing  water  from  a  neighboring  cistern  into  a  trough,  marked 
W,  together  with  two  other  troughs,  marked  T,  T,  for  mixing  fodder,  etc. 

The  second  floor  is  for  storing  hay,  which  is  supplied  to  the  troughs  by  means  of  shoots. 
A  large  ventilating  shaft  terminates  in  the  ventilator,  seen  in  the  perspective  view.  The 
manure-yard  is  on  the  right,  and  is  enclosed  by  a  high  fence,  so  overrun  by  Virginia  creeper 
that  it  is  hardly  seen.  And  here  let  us  remark,  that  every  stable,  however  small  or  however 
situated  —  but  particularly  if  it  be  on  a  village  lot  —  should  have  its  manure-yard  always 
enclosed  by  a  fence  or  screen  of  some  kind.  A  manure  heap  is  never  a  pretty  thing  to  look 
at,  but  a  screen  can  always  be  made  attractive,  especially  if  covered  with  vines  or  flanked 
by  evergreens  ;  still  better  if  it  were  roofed  over  to  prevent  the  manure  being  washed  off 
by  the  rains,  the  roof  being  supported  on  posts  and  braced  up  with  strong  and  simple 
brackets,  and  the  eaves  made  to  project  two  or  three  feet.  This  sort  of  an  addition  would 
not  cost  much,  but  would  add  consideiably  to  the  value  of  the  building. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  2 


A  Cheap  Stable  for  Two  Horses,  and  A  Cow. 


Perspective  View 


Carriage  Room 


Closet 


Tool  Room 


^E 


Passage 


YARD 


Plan 


SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No.  3. 

AN  ORNAMENTAL  STABLE  FOR  TWO  HORSES. 

This  design  was  made  for  a  gentleman  in  Newburgh,  but  was  discarded  in  favor  of  a 
larger  one,  illustrated  some  pages  fui'ther  on. 

It  measures  twenty  by  forty  feet,  with  posts  fifteen  feet  high  from  the  bottom  of  the 
sill  to  the  top  of  the  plate.  The  foundations  and  underpinning  are  of  stone,  and  the  frame 
is  covered  on  the  outside  with  boarding  and  clapboard ing  up  to  the  line  of  the  belt-course 
seen  in  the  perspective  view,  and  above  the  belt  the  walls  are  boarded  vertically  with  pine 
boards,  and  battened  with  two  by  three-inch  battens,  the  frame  here  being  furred  out  one 
inch  to  make  the  upper  work  fiush  with  the  lower.  The  belt  course  is  of  two-inch  plank, 
and  has  a  projecting  beveled  cap  on  the  top  to  shed  the  water.  The  eaves  project  three  and 
a  half  feet,  and  in  the  front  are  two  breaks  forming  hoods  over  the  hay-loft  window  and 
door.  A  large  ventilator  surmounts  the  ridge,  and  the  roofs  are  covered  with  slates  cut  in 
patterns  and  put  on  in  two  colors,  red  and  black.  The  exterior  finish  of  the  doors  and 
windows  is  bold  and  heavy,  and  the  eaves  have  heavy  brackets  of  solid  four-inch  stuff. 
The  doors  are  all  double  and  braced  on  the  outside,  and  the  large  ones  are  made  to  slide 
apart  on  the  inside,  though  this  is  not  shown  on  the  plan  on  account  of  the  smallness  of  the 
scale.     The  chimney  starts  from  the  harness  room,  where  there  is  a  hole  for  a  stove-pipe. 

The  carriage-room  is  twenty  feet  by  twenty-two,  and  nine  feet  high,  and  has  a  small 
closet  in  one  corner. 

There  are  two  stalls,  each  five  by  nine  feet,  with  plank  floors  laid  on  locust  beams.  In 
front  of  each  stall  is  a  ventilating  window  protected  by  an  iron  grating.  The  harness-room 
is  seven  by  nine  feet,  and  has  racks  on  each  side  for  hanging  harness,  and  cupboards  for 
other  purposes.     The  feed  boxes  are  supplied  by  shoots  from  the  story  above,  where  the 


SECTION   FIRST — PLATE   NO.    3. 

bins  are,  for  storing  grain.  The  interior  of  this  stable  is  better  finished  than  the  two  former 
designs.  The  floor  is  of  plank  deafened  with  three  inches  of  deafening  mortar,  and  the 
space  behind  the  sill,  and  between  the  ends  of  the  floor-beams  where  they  rest  on  the  under- 
pinning, is  filled  up  with  bricks  and  mortar  to  the  tops  of  the  beams,  in  order  to  prevent 
rats  woi'kiug  their  way  up.  All  the  walls  and  partitions  are  ceiled  up  to  the  height  of  four 
feet  with  pine  ceiling,  and  this  space  filled  with  bricks  and  mortar  one  foot  high  all  around. 
Above  the  wainscoting  the  walls  are  lathed  and  plastered,  as  are  also  the  ceilings.  The 
windows  and  doors  are  all  trimmed  with  four-inch  inside  architraves. 

The  second  story  is  not  finished.  It  is  reached  by  means  of  a  hanging  staircase  or  step- 
ladder,  which,  when  not  in  use,  is  pulled  up  to  the  ceiling  by  a  rope  and  pulley  attached 
for  the  purpose,  an  arrangement  which  saves  a  considerable  room,  and  may  with  advantage 
be  used  in  all  small  stables. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  3 


An  Ornamental  Stable,  for  Two  Horses. 


Perspective    view 


40  FT 


Harness 

Carriage  Room 

Tlose7|                                        1 

1                   \ 

u. 

o 

Stall 

STALL 

!!r= 

STABLE 

Teed  Boxes 

1 

J 

Plan 


SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No.  4. 

A  BEICK  STABLE  FOE  A  HOESE   AND   COW. 

Generally  speaking,  we  consider  bricks  the  very  best  material  witb  which  to  build 
stables ;  even  preferable  to  stone,  from  the  fact  that  the  walls  inside,  having  a  smoother 
face,  may  be  kept  cleaner,  freer  from  cobwebs  and  dust  deposits  than  stone  walls ;  and,  if 
built  with  hollow  walls,  more  free  from  dampness  also ;  though  this  is  a  matter  of  not  so 
much  consequence,  as  in  this  climate  there  will  not  dampness  enough  penetrate  a  solid  wall 
of  a  stable  to  cause  any  injury  to  the  horses.  It  is  very  desirable,  however,  to  have  a  stable 
rat-proof;  and  it  may  be  made  thoroughly  so  by  commencing  with  a  stone  foundation — the 
bottom  course  of  which  is  broader  than  the  stone-work  above  it — laid  in  half  cement  mortar 
up  to  the  grade  line,  and  then  building  the  brick  wall  upon  that,  filling  in  all  the  space 
enclosed  by  the  walls  with  concrete  up  to  the  line  of  the  top  of  the  water  table,  and  then 
paving  it  with  large  stones  firmly  bedded,  which  shall  form  the  floor  of  the  stable.  On  the 
outside  there  should  be  a  stone  water-table  eight  or  ten  inches  high,  projecting  one  or  two 
inches  outside  of  the  main  walls  above,  and  having  the  upper  surface  of  the  projection 
beveled  off  to  shed  the  water  ;  and  just  above  the  water-table  it  would  be  well  to  have  a 
course  of  slate  built  in  the  full  thickness  of  the  walls,  which  will  prevent  any  dampness 
rising  up  into  them  from  the  ground  by  capillary  attraction. 

Above  the  water-table  the  walls  should  be  built  up  with  a  smooth  face  and  with  close^ 
tieatly  strucTe  joints  inside  as  well  as  out,  so  as  to  present  a  clean,  even  surface,  which  should 
always  be  kept  painted  or  washed  with  a  lime  or  cement  wash.  Above  the  wall-plate  the 
space  should  be  filled  in  to  the  under  side  of  the  roof-boards. 

The  ceilings  over  the  main  story  are  usually  left  with  the  second  story  floor  beams 
exposed  to  view,  but  we  think  it  very  desirable  that  they  should  be  lathed  and  plastered  ; 
partially,  for  the  sake  of  the  wholesome,  cleanly  appearance  a  white  ceiling  always  has,  and 
for  the  sake  of  keeping  away  cobwebs,  which,  when  beams  are  exposed,  always  get  lodg- 
ment— and  partially  to  prevent  foul  air  rising  from  the  room  below  and  tainting  the  hay  in 
the  loft.  We  would  also  trim  the  doors  and  windows  inside  with  architraves,  even  if  they 
are  only  narrow  strips  of  the  cheapest  stuff. 

These  two  last  liints,  by  the  way,  are  just  as  valuable  for  a  wood  as  for  a  brick  stable. 

It  may  be  desirable,  in  some  instances,  to  fnr  out  and  lath  and  plaster  the  walls  of  a 
stable,  but  if  this  is  to  be  done,  it  is  better  to  wainscot  with  wood  up  to  the  height  of,  say 
five  feet,  and  to  fill  in  the  space  between  the  walls  and  the  wainscot,  as  high  as  practicable, 
with  broken  glass  and  mortar,  and  then  to  lath  and  plaster  from  the  wainscot  up  to  the  ceil- 


SECTION    FIRST —  PLATE   NO.    4. 

ing.  A  wooden  stable,  too,  may  with  advantage  be  treated  in  the  same  way,  but  the  space 
behind  the  wainscot  being  wider,  may  be  packed  with  bricks  and  mortar,  and  made  solid  in 
that  way. 

We  know  it  is  not  customary  to  put  any  finish  of  any  kind  upon  the  interior  of  stables, 
but  we  also  know  that  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  in  ordinary  stables,  and  very  frequently  in 
those  of  a  better  class,  the  interiors  are  perfectly  filthy  with  dust  which  lodges  on  every 
ledge,  and  overhung  with  cobwebs  which  hang  thick  and  heavy  from  and  between  the  beams 
overhead,  besides  being  completely  set  out  with  such  objects  of  '■'■  vertu''''  as  old  sponges, 
curry-combs,  and  brushes ;  bottles  of  castor  oil,  dusters,  and  a  dozen  other  things  of  the 
same  sort,  which  are  thrown  after  use  upon  any  projecting  beam  or  ledge  that  may  happen 
accidentally  to  be  wide  enough  to  hold  them. 

Now,  certainly  this  sort  of  thing  is  not  agreeable  to  the  eye,  and  any  person  who  has 
fine  horses,  and  takes  a  proper  pride  in  them,  should  not  overlook  it ;  yet,  the  groom,  if 
questioned,  will  say,  and  truly,  too,  that  he  might  be  brushing  all  the  time  and  he  could  n't 
keep  dust  and  cobwebs  away,  so  long  as  there  are  places  for  the  latter  to  hang  and  the 
former  to  lodge ;  in  fact,  there  is  only  one  way,  and  that  is  to  follow  the  plan  of  finishing 
off  that  we  have  suggested,  covering  up  all  such  places,  moreover,  making  everything  so 
convenient  for  the  most  trifling  operations  of  stable  economy  that  there  can  be  no  induce- 
ment, or  excuse  even,  for  carelessness  or  neglect  of  any  kind. 

The  stable  which  Plate  No.  4  illustrates  is  a  brick  stable,  constructed  in  accordance 
with  the  foregoing  suggestions  :  The  walls  are  of  hard  bricks,  and  the  base  or  water-table 
is  of  hammered  blue-stone.  The  tops  of  the  doors  and  windows  are  all  on  a  line,  and  on 
this  line  is  a  belt-course,  nine  inches  high,  of  Ohio  stone,  projecting  two  inches  from  the  face 
of  the  wall.  Above  it  the  wall  falls  back  to  a  flush  line,  and  twelve  inches  above  it  the 
eaves  commence,  supported  on  heavy  blocks  or  brackets.  The  roof  is  slightly  curved  at 
the  bottom,  thence  runs  straight  to  the  upper  moulding,  and  thence  to  the  ridge,  with  a  pitch 
steep  enough  to  slate,  and  the  same  slant  continues  down  over  the  window  in  front,  and  the 
hay-loft  door  on  the  side  of  the  stable.  The  accommodation  comprises  a  carriage-room 
about  seventeen  feet  by  eighteen,  a  cow  stall  shut  off  from  the  rest  of  the  building,  and 
having  a  separate  entrance  from  the  yard,  and  a  horse-stall,  provided  with  patent  iron  fix- 
tures. At  the  side  of  the  horse-stall  is  a  room  marked  harness-room,  which  may  at  any 
time  be  turned  into  a  stall,  the  dimensions  being  already  suitable.  The  present  feed  closet 
would  then  have  to  be  divided,  and  a  portion  of  it  used  for  hanging  harnesses  in.  The 
manure-yard  is  at  the  left  of  the  building.  The  principal  story  is  nine  and  a  half  feet  high 
in  the  clear. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  4 


A  Brick  Stable  for  A  Horse  and  Cow. 


M^i 


Perspective  View 


-  38  FT  - 


n  Cow 

H 

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Harness 

CarriageRoom 

■                                                 Mil  II  II  ■   II 

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Horse 
Stall 

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Plan 


SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No-  5. 

A  SroE-HILL  STABLE. 

This  design  is  about  to  be  erected  in  Washingtonville  in  this  State,  and  the  site  is  the 
side  of  a  hill,  steep  enough  to  afford  a  full  basement  on  one  side  and  a  portion  of  the  \wo 
ends,  while  the  principal  floor  will  be  entered  from  the  upper  side  of  the  bank,  with  which 
it  is  about  on  a  level. 

The  basement  is  to  be  built  with  a  twenty-inch  rubble-stone  wall  laid  in  cement,  and 
the  main  building  is  to  be  of  frame,  boarded  vertically  and  battened. 

The  roof  will  be  slated,  and  will  have  sunk  gutters  in  the  eaves,  with  leaders  to  convey 
the  water  to  a  cistern  conveniently  located  for  supplying  water  to  the  stalls  and  feed-troughs. 

The  exterior  is  bold,  but  not  ornamental ;  the  gables  are  cut  off  chiefly  for  the  purpose 
of  lowering  the  apparent  height  from  the  rear,  where  the  ground  falls  off  rapidly,  and  where 
it  is  seen  from  a  long  distance  ;  a  plank  belt-course  runs  around  on  the  line  of  the  first  story 
sills ;  a  heavy  gable  covers  the  top  of  the  hay-loft  door,  and  a  ventilator  surmounts  the 
ridge  of  the  roof. 

The  basement  plan  shows  a  room  for  a  cow,  with  a  door  and  window  in  it,  and  stairs 
leading  up  to  the  main  floor.  Directly  back  of  this  room,  and  directly  under  the  horse- 
stalls,  is  the  manure  cellar,  communicating  vrith  an  open  space,  marked  shed,  and  through 
it  with  the  yard  in  the  rear.  This  yard  will  be  fenced,  and  protected  by  trees  and  shrub- 
bery. 

The  main  floor  contains  a  carriage-room  fourteen  feet  by  twenty-four  ;  a  room  eight  by 
nine  feet,  for  feed,  etc.,  fitted  up  with  plank  bins  lined  with  zinc,  and  having  shoots  and 
troughs  for  distributing  and  mixing  the  feed  for  the  horses  and  cow;  a  harness-room  five  by 
nine,  with  harness-racks,  saddle-bars,  etc.  ;  a  staircase  to  the  loft,  and  stalls  for  three  horses, 
one  a  single  and  the  other  a  doiible  stall,  provided  with  patent  iron  feed-boxes  and  hay- 
racks, and  having  iron  lattice-work  on  the  top  of  the  partition. 

Just  behind  is  the  trap  for  dropping  manure  into  the  pit  below,  and  in  the  partition  is 
a  sliding  door  to  the  carriage-room.  The  large  doors  are  nine  feet  wide  and  nine  feet  high, 
and  the  smaller  doors,  through  which  horses  pass,  are  from  three  and  a  half  to  four  feet  wide  : 
the  other  doors  may  be  smaller  —  say  two  feet  eight  by  six  feet  eight.  These  dimensions 
are  generally  adopted  in  the  plans  in  this  book ;  nothing  smaDer  should  ever  be  allowed, 
though  in  some  cases  the  dimensions  may  be  greater. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  5 


A  Side  Hill  Stable. 


Perspective   View. 


Basement   Plan. 


33  ft  - 


Carriage  Room 

14    X    24. 


Principal  Floor  Plam. 


SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No.  6. 

A  BRICK  STABLE  FOR  TWO  HORSES. 

We  here  have  another  design  for  a  brick  stable,  similar  in  construction  to  Design  No. 
4,  but  having  a  diflferent  roof  and  a  different  arrangement  of  plan. 

The  walls  are  of  brick,  faced  inside  and  outside ;  the  foundations  are  of  stone,  and  the 
floors  paved  and  grouted  ;  the  main  partition  wall  is  of  brick,  and  the  others  are  of  two- 
inch  tongued  and  grooved  plank ;  the  walls  and  partitions  are  all  painted  a  light  gra)%  and 
the  ceilings  are  lathed  and  plastered ;  the  roof  is  covered  with  slates  in  two  colors,  puiple 
and  red. 

The  carriage-room  is  sixteen  by  eighteen  feet,  and  at  the  rear  is  a  lean-to  of  wood, 
arranged  in  this  instance  for  storing  a  sleigh,  but  very  convenient  for  various  purposes. 

There  are  two  stalls  for  horses,  having  a  patent  iron  gutter  at  the  rear  leading  to  the 
manure- yard,  and  iron  mangers  and  hay-racks  in  front. 

Fixtures  of  this  kind  are  pretty  generally  adopted  in  modern  stables  of  the  better  class, 
being  more  durable  and  neater  than  wooden  ones.  There  are  several  different  kinds  in  the 
market,  for  the  different  purposes  connected  with  stable  management,  but  they  are  all,  we 
believe,  equally  good,  and  may  be  purchased  at  any  of  the  iron  stores  in  the  large  cities. 

Under  or  near  this  stable  should  be  a  large  cistern,  receiving  its  supply  of  water  from 
the  roof,  and  supplying  the  mixing-trough  and  water-trough  by  pumps,  so  that  at  all  times 
and  in  all  weather  there  may  be  water  for  the  horses  always  at  hand.  Close  by  is  a  door 
leading  to  the  yard,  and  at  the  side  of  the  stalls,  is  a  stairway  to  the  hay-loft.  A  large  closet 
is  also  provided  for  harnesses,  etc.,  at  the  left  of  the  troughs. 

The  manure  yard  is  twelve  by  sixteen,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  tight  board  fence  six 
feet  high,  with  a  gate  at  the  rear. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  6 


A  Brick  Stable  for  Two  Horses. 


Perspective  view 


SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No.  7. 

A  WOODEN  STABLE  FOR  THREE  HORSES. 

This  design  does  not  differ  very  mucli  from  the  last  in  tlie  arrangement  of  the  plan,  but 
it  is  a  much  cheaper  structure,  though  considerably  larger. 

There  are  stalls  provided  for  three  horses,  and  a  stairway,  as  in  the  last,  at  the  side  of 
the  stalls,  leading  to  the  second  story.  The  carriage-room  is  nineteen  by  twenty  feet,  and 
the  harness  closet  opens  directly  from  it,  besides  another  closet  under  the  stairs.  A  feed 
closet  opens  from  the  passage,  and  next  to  it,  having  a  separate  entrance  from  the  enclosed 
yard  on  the  right,  is  a  cow-stall  five  feet  wide,  supplied  with  fodder  through  a  small  door  in 
the  partition  between  it  and  the  passage  behind  the  horse-stalls. 

This  stable  is  built  of  wood  in  the  simplest  manner,  and  covered  with  vertical  boards 
and  battens.  The  roof  is  hipped  and  covered  with  sawed  shingles.  Each  stall  has  a  ven- 
tilator near  the  ceiling,  and  there  is  a  shaft  two  and  a  half  feet  square  running  from  the  ceil- 
ing to  the  ventilator  in  the  roof,  communicating  also  with  the  ceiling  over  the  cow-stall. 
The  large  doors  are  made  to  slide  on  the  inside.  The  inside  partitions  are  of  tongued  and 
grooved  pine  boards,  and  the  floors  and  stall  divisions  are  of  two-inch  plank.  The  heel- 
posts  at  the  stalls  are  turned  out  of  hard  wood,  and  firmly  secured  to  the  floor  joists. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  7 


A  Wooden  Stable  for  Three  Horses. 


Perspective  view 


-  40  FT 


Carriage  Room 


Plan 


SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No.  8. 

A  BRICK  STABLE  FOE   THREE  HORSES. 

This  is  an  irregular-shaped  stable  for  three  horses.  It  was  designed  for  a  narrow  lot 
in  the  city  of  Newburgh,  and  twenty-eight  feet  square  was  all  the  land  that  could  be  spared 
for  the  purpose ;  yet  three  horses  were  to  be  provided  for,  a  man's  room  and  a  carriage- 
room,  besides  proper  closet  room. 

At  the  rear  the  ground  falls  away,  so  that  beneath  the  principal  floor  is  a  large  manure- 
cellar,  with  an  entrance  from  a  back  street.  The  man's  room,  therefore,  is  some  six  feet 
above  the  ground. 

There  are  stalls  for  three  horses,  each  five  feet  wide  and  nine  feet  long,  and  provided 
with  iron  racks,  mangers  and  water-boxes,  and  behind  the  stalls  is  a  passage  seven  feet 
wide,  with  a  door  opening  out  to  the  yard.  The  harness-closet  opens  from  the  carriage- 
room,  and  another  closet  from  the  passage  behind  the  stalls.  There  is  a  trough  at  T, 
between  the  two  closets.  The  feed  is  all  kept  in  the  story  above,  and  is  supplied  to  the 
trough  by  shoots.  The  stairs  are  constructed  in  the  same  manner  as  in  Design  No.  4, 
swinging  up  against  the  ceiling  when  not  in  use. 

The  man's  room  is  eight  by  ten  feet,  and  opens  directly  out  of  the  carriage-room ;  it 
has  an  eight-inch  flue  for  a  stove-pipe,  constructed  with  eight-inch  walls  for  protection 
against  fire.  The  hay-loft  is  filled  by  one  of  the  openings  in  the  right  gable  over  the  side 
door. 

The  first  story  is  ten  feet  high,  with  a  two-inch  plank  floor  and  a  lathed  and  plastered 
ceiling.  The  man's  room  is  furred  ofi'  and  plastered  all  around,  the  rat  spaces  being  filled 
in  with  mortar  two  feet  above  the  floor. 

The  walls  are  eight  inches  thick,  built  of  rough  brick,  and  covered  with  a  cream-coloi-ed 
cement  wash,  the  recipe  for  making  which  is  given  below. 

The  exterior  is  somewhat  ornamented,  having  a  heavy  hood  over  the  main  doorway,- 


SECTION   FIRST — PLATE   NO.    8. 

» 

and  ornamental  frame-wort  and  tracery  in  the  gaWes,  witli  moulded  finials  rising  above  tlie 
peaks  of  the  roof.  The  eaves  project  two  feet,  and  the  ventilator  rises  to  a  height  of  eight 
feet,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  wrought-iron  finial  and  vane. 

The  roofs  are  slated  with  ornamental  slating. 

The  following  recipe  for  a  cheap  and  durable  cement  wash,  will  be  found  valuable  for 
covering  any  kind  of  brick  work.  It  has  been  used  by  Government  officers  on  public  build- 
ings in  the  Navy  Yards,  for  the  past  ten  years  or  more,  and  is  given  with  great  confidence 
as  to  its  value  : 

"  Dissolve  one  pound  of  pulverized  copperas  in  eight  gallons  of  water ;  let  it  stand 
twenty-four  hours,  stirring  it  two  or  three  times  from  the  bottom  ;  use  this  for  slaking  the 
lime,  and  thinning  it  to  the  consistency  of  ordinary  white-wash  ;  add  hydraulic  cement  equal 
in  quantity  to  lime  used  ;  and  of  clean  sand,  half  a  gallon  to  fifteen  gallons  of  wash  ;  stir  it 
frequently  to  prevent  the  sand  settling. 

"  The  walls  should  be  first  well  cleansed  of  dust  and  thoroughly  wet  from  the  rose  of 
a  watering-pot,  and  the  wash  applied  immediately  after,  beginning  at  tlie  top,  laying  on  a 
coat  horizontally  and  finishing  it  vertically ;  before  leaving  the  work  at  any  time,  finish  the 
course  to  a  joint  in  the  wall,  to  prevent  a  mark  where  the  two  join.  For  a  gray  or  stone- 
color,  add  lamp  black  deadened  with  whiskey  or  spirits." 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  8 


A  Brick  Stable  for  Three  Horses. 


PERSPECTrvc    View 


-  28  FT 


16  FT 


Plan 


SECTION      FIBST. 
Plate  No,  9. 

A  BRICK    STABLE  WITH  A   SHED  ATTACHED. 

We  have  here  a  very  complete  establishment  for  a  small  country  or  suburban  place. 

The  stable  is  designed  to  be  built  of  brick,  the  walls  laid  up  as  desciibed  in  Design 
No.  4,  with  the  bluestone  water-table  and  sandstone  belt-course  over  the  tops  of  the  win- 
dows and  doors;  the  walls  smooth  inside  and  painted  a  light  blue — almost  white.  The 
floors  are  concreted,  paved  with  stones,  and  grouted  up  smooth  on  top.  The  foundations 
are  of  stone  commencing  three  and  a  half  feet  in  the  ground,  and  laid  twenty  inches  thick 
in  half  cement  mortar  up  to  the  grade-line,  where  the  water-table  is  set.  Above  this  the 
walls  are  twelve  inches  thick  in  the  first  story,  and  eight  inches  thick  from  thence  to  the 
eaves  and  ridge.  The  roofs  are  covered  with  plain  black  slates.  The  eaves  project  about 
three  feet,  and  the  front  gable  has  a  plank  verge-board.  All  the  gables  are  cut  off,  in  order 
to  reduce  the  apparent  height  of  the  building. 

The  three  stalls  inside  are  each  five  feet  wide  and  nine  deep,  and  are  provided  with  a 
cast-iron  gutter  sunk  in  the  pavement,  and  emjttying  into  the  manure-yard  in  the  rear  of 
the  stable.  There  are  also  patent  iron  mangers  and  hay-racks,  and  a  ventilating  window  to 
each  stall. 

The  room  for  harnesses  and  feed  is  nine  by  fourteen  feet.  The  harnesses  are  kept  in 
cupboards  with  glass  doors  in  front,  occupying  one  side  of  the  room,  and  the  feed  is  kept  in 
plank,  metal-lined  bins  on  the  other  side.     The  mixing-trough  is  close  by,  and  also  a  pump. 

On  the  right  of  the  passage  is  another  closet,  and  at  the  farther  end  stairs  to  the  loft. 
The  passage  is  eight  feet  wide,  and  has  a  door  at  each  end,  one  opening  to  the  front  and  the 
other  to  the  rear  yard. 

On  the  left  of  the  stable  is  an  addition,  with  a  large  tool-room  on  one  end  and  an  open 
shed  at  the  other.  For  cleaning  carriages,  or  for  driving  under  while  waiting,  or  for  driving 
visitors  caiTiages  under,  these  sheds  are  a  great  convenience ;  in  fact,  no  stable  can  be  really 
complete  without  one  or  more,  and  the  extra  cost  is  not  great. 

The  stable-yard  is  enclosed  by  a  brick  wall  six  feet  high,  capped  with  a  bluestone  cap, 
and  having  a  gateway  in  the  front  with  stone  posts  and  an  iron  gate. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  9 


A  Brick  Stable  with  Shed  Attached. 


Perspective 


Plan 


SECTION  FIBST. 
Plate  No.  10. 

A  BEICK  STABLE  WITH  BOX-STALL. 

This  is  a  very  simple  design  for  a  brict  stable,  containing  accommodation  for  two  car- 
riage-horses and  two  saddle-horses.  The  walls  are  plain  brick  walls,  with  brick  arches  to  all 
the  window  and  door  openings,  a  stone  water-table,  and  a  high  pitched  roof  covered  with 
plain  purple.slates.  The  inner  partitions  are  of  brick  eight-inch  walls ;  the  floors  are  paved 
with  stone  and  the  ceilings  lathed  and  plastered.  The  carriage-room,  in  the  front  part  of 
the  main  building — facing  north  in  this  case — is  eighteen  feet  square,  accommodating  two 
large  carriages.  There  are  three  stalls,  each  six  feet  in  width,  with  a  passage  eight  feet 
wide  behind  them.  There  is  a  box-stall  in  the  right  wing,  and  adjoining  it  a  harness  and 
saddle-room.  The  feed-room  is  on  the  left,  and  communicates  with  the  passage,  and  also 
with  an  entry  in  the  left  wing.  This  room  is  furnished  with  bins  and  troughs,  and  a  pump 
for  supplying  water.  The  tool-room  is  six  by  fourteen  feet ;  it  has  a  flue  for  a  stove-pipe, 
and  is  fitted  up  with  racks  and  stands  for  gardening  and  carpenter's  tools,  and  has  a  bench 
fitted  up  in  one  end. 

This  stable  though  quite  plain,  is  complete  and  convenient,  and  the  interior  fittings  are 
all  of  the  very  best  kind,  hard  wood  being  used  for  the  finish,  and  for  the  inside  trimming 
of  the  windows  and  doors. 

All  the  windows  have  ornamental  iron  guards,  and  all  the  outside  doors  are  arranged 
so  as  to  be  unhung  in  summer,  and  their  places  supplied  by  iron  gates. 

The  stalls  have  iron  fixtures  and  gutters,  iron  stall  partition  guards,  and  iron  foot-posts 
with  ornamental  heads. 

The  manure-yard  is  at  the  rear,  enclosed  by  a  high,  tight  board  fence,  and  roofed  over 
the  top. 


Section  First. 


n 

I 


Plate  No.  10 


A  Brick  Stable  with  Box  Stall. 


PERSPECTIVE 


PLAN 


SECTION  FIE  ST. 
Plate  No.   11. 

A  BASEMENT   STABLE  FOR  THREE  HORSES. 

This  design  was  made  for  "Wm.  E.  Warren,  Esq.,  of  Newburgh,  and  the  stable  was 
erected  two  years  ago,  on  bis  property  a  short  distance  north  of  the  city. 

The  property  consists  of  a  broad  open  plateau,  terminating  on  the  south  side  in  a 
bank  which  descends  very  abruptly  from  it  down  into  a  picturesque  ravine,  filled  with  thick 
wood  and  brush,  and  through  which  runs  a  never-failing  brook. 

A  carriage  drive  enters  the  grounds  at  the  southwest  corner,  and  skirts  the  edge  of  the 
plateau  on  the  south,  and  then  curves  around  to  the  site  of  the  house. 

It  was  not  desirable  that  any  of  the  ground  on  the  plateau  should  be  given  up  to  the 
stable  ;  and  yet  it  was  deemed  best  that  the  stable  should  be  somewhere  near  the  carriage- 
drive  already  laid  out ;  consequently,  the  site  fixed  upon  was  the  extreme  south  edge  of  the 
bank,  south  of  the  drive.  Thus  it  must  of  necessity  be  a  side-hill  stable,  and  this  was  agree- 
able because  a  considerable  accommodation  was  called  for  with  no  great  extent  of  ground  to 
get  it  on.  There  was  no  objection  to  extending  the  building  lengthwise  —  within  reasonable 
limits — but  it  was  impossible  to  get  over  twenty-two  feet  in  width  for  the  building,  in 
addition  to  about  ten  feet  for  a  passage-way  along  the  south  of  it ;  all  of  which  had  to  be 
dug  out  of  the  bank  and  graded  over,  making  a  level  of  about  thirty-two  feet  on  the  line 
of  the  basement  floor. 

The  building,  then,  was  made  twenty-two  feet  wide,  and,  including  wings,  ninety  feet 
long,  and  the  accommodation  obtained  has  been  as  follows  : 

First,  the  basement  faces  south,  and  the  south  wall,  being  wholly  out  of  ground,  is  of 
brick,  while  the  north  wall  is  a  bank  wall  of  stone  laid  in  cement  and  two  feet  thick.  The 
road  to  reach  it  by  diverges  from  the  main  upper  drive  west  of  the  stable,  and  descends  by 
an  easy  grade  to  the  lower  level,  running  along  the  whole  south  front. 

There  are  four  stalls  in  this  basement  of  ample  size,  having  a  wide  passage  at  the  rear, 
and  another  for  the  purpose  of  feeding,  running  along  at  the  heads  of  the  stalls.  The  fodder 
is  all  mixed  in  troughs  for  the  purpose,  and  distributed  through  this  passage.  The  entrance 
is  through  the  open  sheds  on  the  right.     Just  at  the  left  of  the  stalls  is  the  kitchen  for  the 


SECTION   FIRST PLATE   NO.    11. 

coachman,  and  the  entry  or  hall,  with  a  door  to  the  stable,  another  to  the  shed  marked 
"  house-shed,"  and  a  stairway  to  the  upper  or  main  floor. 

At  the  left  of  this  shed  is  a  small  room,  marked  "  office,"  approached  by  a  separate 
stairway  from  the  upper  level,  and  finished  off  in  a  plain  manner  for  a  business  room. 

Above  the  basement  the  building  is  of  frame,  boarded  and  battened,  plain,  yet  having 
broad  eaves  and  hoods  over  the  windows  and  doors.  The  carriage-room  is  twenty-two  by 
twenty-five  feet,  and  nine  and  a  half  feet  high. 

The  stairs  froili  the  basement  terminate  in  an  entry  on  the  principal  floor,  and  in  this 
entry  is  the  front  door  of  the  dwelling-house,  close  by  which  is  a  large  closet.  The  living- 
room  is  thirteen  by  fifteen  feet,  and  opening  out  of  it  are  two  bed-rooms,  one  eight  feet 
square  and  the  other  eleven  by  thirteen  feet.  Still  farther  towards  the  east  is  another  room, 
marked  "  bed-room,"  but  used  for  other  pui-poses,  having  a  door  direct  to  the  yard. 

In  the  western  wing  is  a  workshop,  fitted  up  with  bench  and  other  conveniences,  and 
adjoining  is  a  poultry-room,  used  in  connection  -with  a  part  of  the  shed  immediately  below  it. 
All  the  living-rooms  are  finished  ofi',  lathed  and  plastered,  but  the  rest  of  the  inside  of  the 
building  is  at  present  unfinished. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  II 


A  Basement- Stable  for  Four  Horses. 


il 


Perspective 


House  SHeo. 


B/ftSEMENT. 


OPtN 


'  1 

SHtOS.  ■ 


Carriage 
22  »  as. 


■pi^lHCiPAL    FL00f\. 


Workshop 
13  X   IS. 


Poultry 


t4 


SECTION     FIE8T. 
Plate  No.   12. 

AN  ORNAMENTAL  STABLE  FOR  FOUR  HORSES. 

This  is  a  design  for  a  brick  and  stone  stable,  planned  witb  sufficient  accommodation  for 
four  horses. 

In  the  general  appearance  of  its  exterior  it  is  not  unlike  some  of  the  more  modern 
French  stables,  though  it  is  much  more  simple  in  its  details.  It  is  designed  to  be  built  of 
brick  with  stone  trimmings.  The  lower  story,  from  the  water-table  to  the  belt-course,  has  a 
twelve-inch  wall,  the  outside  face  of  which  is  laid  with  pressed  front  bricks,  and  above  that 
—  to  the  eaves,  the  walls  are  eight  inches  thick  (setting  back  three  inches  from  the  face  of 
the  lower  wall)  of  common  hard  brick,  covered  with  a  cement-wash  or  with  a  coat  of 
cement,  tinted.  The  quoins  or  corners,  are  of  pressed  brick  laid  flush  with  the  lower  wall. 
The  water-table,  belt-course,  and  arches  over  the  windows  and  doors,  are  of  Ohio  or  New 
Jersey  stone,  alternately  rough  and  finished. 

Another  and  very  eflfective  method  of  construction  would  be,  to  build  the  lower  wall 
of  rubble-stone  instead  of  using  pressed  brick,  and  the  second  story  of  pressed  brick  instead 
of  common  brick,  making  all  the  corners  and  arches  of  stone  partiall}'  dressed ;  this  would 
give  a  very  good  variety  of  color  and  afford  a  very  picturesque  building,  but  the  cost  would 
be  considerably  greater  than  the  first  method. 

The  roof  is  hipped  and  covered  with  slates,  and  the  eaves  project  four  feet  beyond  the 
walls,  and  are  ornamented  by  a  drapery  or  verge-board  of  simple  and  effective  pattern. 
The  large  doors  in  front  are  made  very  heavy,  and  the  upper  panels  are  glazed  with  rough 
plate-glass.  They  have  also  sashes  over  them  for  light  and  ventilation.  The  second  story 
is  lighted  by  a  large  window  in  the  rear  —  in  a  gable  similar  to  that  in  front  —  and  by  small 
round  windows  in  the  two  ends,  all  of  which  are  made  to  awing  open  at  will.  Ventilation 
is  also  afforded  by  openings  all  around  the  walls,  and  just  vmder  the  eaves.  The  floors  are 
all  paved,  the  walls  inside  are  painted,  and  the  ceilings  are  lathed  and  plastered,  the  general 
construction  being  similar  to  the  brick  stables  heretofore  described. 


SECTION   FIRST PLATE   NO.    12. 

The  accommodation  is  as  follows  : 

One  half  of  the  large  door  on  the  right  of  the  stable  (the  other  half  of  which  is  simply 
a  panel  made  like  the  door  for  symmetry)  opens  into  the  stable-room,  where  we  find  four 
stalls,  each  six  feet  wide  and  nine  feet  long,  fitted  up  with  iron  fixtures  and  partitions,  and 
having  a  gutter  behind  them  discharging  into  a  manure-pit  behind  the  stable.  Each  stall 
has  a  ventilating  window  in  the  front  wall  near  the  ceiling.  The  passage  behind  the  horses 
is  seven  feet  wide,  and  has  a  door  four  feet  w^de  at  either  end.  The  harness-room  is  seven 
by  eleven  feet,  and  the  feed-room  is  seven  by  eight  feet,  and  between  the  two  is  the  passage 
to  the  carriage-room.  A  water-trough  is  in  a  convenient  place,  and  over  it  is  the  stairway 
to  the  hay-loft.  The  carriage-room  is  eighteen  by  twenty-six  feet.  The  height  of  this  story 
is  eleven  feet  in  the  clear,  and  the  walls  are  eighteen  feet  high  above  the  base. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  12 


An  Ornamental  Stable  tor  Four  Horses. 


ELEVATION 


PLAN 
12    FEET   ONE    INCH 


SECTION    FIRST. 
Plates  No.  13  and  14. 

A  LARGE   STABLE   OF   FRENCH   DESIGN. 

This  is  another  design  for  a  stable  in  the  modern  French  style,  larger  and  moi'e  expen- 
sive than  the  foregoing  one,  and  having  the  characteristic  Mansard  roof,  besides  other  fea- 
tures common  to  French  Architecture. 

It  contains  the  requisite  accommodation  for  six  horses,  and  consists  of  a  central  portion 
forty  feet  square,  and  two  wings,  each  eighteen  feet  by  thirty-three.  In  the  wing  on  the  left 
are  stalls  for  five  horses,  fitted  up  in  the  same  manner  as  those  in  Design  No.  12.  Behind  them 
is  a  passage-way  eight  feet  in  width,  with  a  door  at  each  end.  The  feed-room  opens  out  of  it 
on  the  right,  and  from  this  feed-room  a  stair-way  rises  to  the  hay-loft.  The  water-trough  is 
under  the  stair-way.  The  harness-room  is  of  ample  size,  and  has  a  range  of  closets  for  har- 
nesses, etc.,  extending  all  along  one  side.  The  carriage-room  is  very  large,  and  has  large 
doors  in  the  front  and  at  the  rear,  the  latter  opening  into  a  covered  shed,  which  is  not  shown 
in  the  plan,  but  which  extends  along  the  entire  roar  of  the  central  building. 

In  the  right  wing  there  is  a  sleeping-room  for  a  man,  besides  a  large  store-room  and  a 
box-stall.  The  latter  is  entered  from  the  yard  as  well  as  from  the  entry  leading  to  the  car- 
riage-room. In  the  second  story  of  this  wing  a  couple  of  good  rooms  might  be  finished  ojff, 
if  occasion  required,  to  be  used  as  bed-rooms. 

The  whole  of  this  wing  might  be  used  as  a  residence  for  a  coachman's  family,  in  which 
case  the  lower  story  would  be  divided  into  pai-lor  and  living-room  —  the  living-room  occupy- 
ing the  place  marked  "  man's  room,"  and  the  parlor  taking  the  place  of  the  present  box-stall 
and  store-room,  and  between  the  two  a  staircase  and  closets  may  be  got. 

There  would  have  to  be  a  door  from  the  living-room  to  the  yard  at  the  rear,  and  a  cel- 
lar under  the  whole  wing.  The  front  door  and  the  door  to  the  carriage-room,  would  be  as 
they  are  now. 

This  building  is  designed  to  be  built  of  brick  and  trimmed  with  stone.     The  outside 


SECTION   FIRST— PLATES    13    AND    14. 

facing  should  be  either  pressed  brick  or  the  best  quality  of  hard  brick,  selected  for  smooth- 
ness of  surface  and  evenness  of  tint,  and  should  be  laid  with  close,  neatly  struck  joints  in 
dark-colored  mortar.  The  walls  of  the  main  building  are  twelve  inches  thick,  and  of  the 
wings  eight  inches,  and  the  partitions  between  the  main  building  and  the  wings  are  also 
of  brick.  The  water-table  is  of  blue  stone,  beveled  off  a  couple  of  inches  to  shed  the  water. 
All  the  rest  of  the  stone-work  is  of  Ohio  stone  or  Nova  Scotia  stone  ;  and  this  comprises  the 
window-sills  and  the  belt-course  connecting  them,  the  moulded  belt-course  which  runs  around 
the  building  on  the  line  of  the  window  and  door-heads,  and  the  stones  which  form  the  arches 
of  the  large  doors  and  round  windows.  The  roofs  are  slated  with  plain  purple  or  black 
slates,  and  are  surmounted  by  neat  iron  crestings.  There  are  smoke-flues  in  the  harness- 
room,  the  feed-room,  and  the  man's  room.  The  general  construction  and  interior  finish  are 
like  the  last  design. 


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SECTION  FIRST. 
Plate  No.  16. 

A    STONE    STABLE. 

This  design  was  made  for  a  gentleman  in  Garrison's,  some  time  since,  and  is  the  only- 
example  of  a  stone  stable  that  we  have  introduced  into  these  pages. 

The  walls  are  of  rough  gray  rubble-stone,  twenty  inches  thick,  laid  in  cement  mortar, 
and  trimmed  around  all  the  windows  and  door  with  bricks.  The  roofs  are  steep,  and  cov- 
ered with  plain  purple  slates.  The  eaves  project  about  two  feet,  and  are  cased  up,  having 
gutters  all  around,  from  which  the  water  of  the  roof  is  taken  by  tin  leaders  to  a  couple  of 
large  brick  cisterns  under  ground. 

The  exterior  is  severely  plain  though  very  substantial.  The  windows  all  have  iron 
guards,  and  the  doors  are  of  double  thickness,  made  to  slide. 

There  are  five  stalls  for  horses,  each  measuring  six  feet  by  nine,  and  fitted  up  with  iron 
fixtures  complete.  Each  stall  has  a  ventilating  window  in  front,  next  the  ceiling.  The  pas- 
sage behind  the  stalls  is  seven  feet  wide,  and  has  a  door  at  either  end  ;  the  one  at  the  rear 
opening  into  the  manure-yard. 

At  the  left  of  the  entrance,  and  in  the  front  part  of  the  building,  is  a  harness-room 
eleven  feet  square,  provided  with  a  flue  for  a  stove-pipe,  cupboards,  etc.,  for  harnesses,  and  two 
closets  for  other  purposes.  It  communicates  with  both  the  horse  and  the  carriage-room.  The 
passage  connecting  the  stall-room  with  the  carriage-room  is  six  feet  wide,  and  in  it  are 
stairs  to  the  second  story,  and  a  large  trough,  supplied  with  water  from  the  cisterns  beneath. 
The  box-stall  is  nine  by  twelve  feet.  The  feed-room  is  supplied  from  the  loft  above,  and  has 
all  the  conveniences  for  mixing  and  distributing  fodder  to  the  horses.  The  carriage-room  is 
eighteen  by  thirty  feet,  has  large  sliding-doors  at  either  end,  and  a  closet  on  the  right.  The 
hay-loft  is  filled  by  means  of  two  doors,  one  in  each  main  gable. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  15 


A  Stone  Stable 


Perspective     view 


50    FT 


P  LAN 


Scale  16  Feet  to  one  Inch 


SECTION    FIRST. 
Plates  No.  16  and  17. 

A  COMPLETE  STABLE  WITH  LODGE  AND  SHEDS. 

This  is  a  very  complete  and  convenient  establishment  for  a  country  place  of  considerable 
size,  and  comprises  in  its  plan,  a  house  for  a  coachman,  sheds  for  wood,  etc.,  a  stable  for  two 
cows,  rooms  for  tools  and  storage  purposes,  and  stable  accommodation  for  four  horses,  witli 
feed-room,  harness-room,  etc.,  attached. 

The  buildings  are  all  connected  together,  and  are  partially  enclosed  by  an  eight-inch 
brick  wall,  forming  a  large  stable-yard,  which  is  supposed  to  face  towards  the  south.  This 
wall  is  omitted  in  tlie  picture  for  the  purpose  of  better  showing  the  design,  but  its  position 
is  plainly  defined  on  the  plan  —  Plate  No.  17. 

The  small  house  for  the  coachman  is  at  one  extremity  of  the  enclosure,  and  is  approached 
by  a  path  branching  from  the  main  drive  near  the  gate- way  to  the  yard.  It  is  built  of  brick 
—  an  eight-inch  wall  —  and  has  a  slated  roof.  There  are  three  rooms  in  the  first  story  and 
a  low  garret  over  them,  which  is  reached  by  a  step-ladder  from  the  entry.  The  entry  opens 
from  the  stoop  and  into  the  three  rooms.  The  parlor  is  twelve  feet  square,  and  has  a  square 
bay  window  projecting  from  one  side.  The  kitchen  is  of  the  same  size,  and  has  a  door  out 
to  the  long  shed  which  connects  it  with  the  stable.  The  bed-room  is  eight  feet  square,  and 
communicates  with  the  kitchen  and  with  the  entry.  It  has  a  large  closet  opening  from  it, 
and  is  amply  lighted  by  the  window  in  the  front  gable. 

The  open  shed  is  thirty-two  feet  long,  and  the  roof,  which  slants  to  the  rear,  is  supported 
on  posts  in  front  and  an  eight-inch  brick  wall  at  the  back,  which  wall  also  forms  a  part  of  the 
boundary  of  the  yard. 

The  main  stable  measures  thirty  by  fifty  feet.  The  carriage-room  is  twenty  by  twenty- 
four  feet,  and  communicates  directly  with  another  open  shed.  There  is  a  small  room  eight 
feet  by  twelve,  for  cleaning  harness,  etc.,  in,  having  a  chimney  in  one  corner,  and,  adjoining 
it,  a  harness-room  of  the  same  size. 

There  are  stalls  for  four  horses  arranged  on  this  plan,  but  by  changing  their  position 
and  the  position  of  the  feed-room,  making  the  horses  face  the  rear  wall  instead  of  the  side, 


SECTIOK   FIRST — PLATES    16    AND    17. 

one  or  two  additional  stalls  raay  be  got.  These  stalls  are  five  feet  hj  nine,  and  are  supposed 
to  Lave  all  the  modern  iron  fixtures ;  they  face  towards  the  feed-room,  and  are  supplied 
through  small  doors  in  the  partition  between  it  and  them.  The  manure  receptacle  will  be 
behind  the  stable. 

At  the  left  of  the  stable  is  a  room  with  two  cow-stalls  in  it,  having  a  door  from  the 
horse-room,  and  another  opening  out  to  the  fields  behind.  This  room  is  eight  by  thirteen 
feet,  and  the  stalls  are  eight  by  seven-and-a-half  Next  to  it  is  the  tool-room,  which  is  eight 
by  eleven,  opening  directly  from  the  shed. 

At  the  left  of  the  shed  is  the  store-room,  and  next  to  it  another  room  of  the  same  dimen- 
sions for  extra  carriages  or  sleighs,  both  of  which  are  entered  from  the  open  shed.  This  shed 
is  twenty-four  feet  by  twenty-five,  and  is,  in  fact,  a  central  space  from  which  all  the  difterent 
parts  of  the  stable  are  reached,  and  in  which  horses  are  harnessed  and  cleaned,  carriages 
washed,  etc. 

All  these  buildings  are  designed  to  be  built  of  brick,  in  the  same  manner  as  described 
for  the  design  on  Plate  No,  4.  The  floors  are  of  stone  and  the  roofs  are  slated.  The  walls 
are  finished  smoothly  and  painted  inside,  and  the  ceilings  are  lathed  and  plastered.  The 
ceiling  of  the  open  shed  is  lined  on  the  level  of  the  wall-plate  with  narrow  tongued  and 
grooved  pine  boards,  and  the  space  overhead  is  floored  over  for  storing  hay,  etc.  All  the 
inside  wood-work  is  of  pine  stained  a  dark  color.  The  small  house  is  finished  in  pine 
stained,  and  the  walls  and  ceilings  are  lathed  and  plastered  and  hard-finished.  The  first 
story  of  the  house  is  nine  feet  high,  and  of  the  stables  ten  feet  in  the  clear. 


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Section  First. 


Plate  No.  17 


A  Complete  Stable  with  Lodge  and  Sheds. 


r^    V^A 


FIELDS 


LAWN 


Gp,ouimd  Plan 

16  fT-  OME  Inch 


r 


SECTION     FIRST. 
Plates  18  and  19. 

A  BRICK   STABLE  FOR  EIGHT  HORSES. 

"We  have  here  a  very  complete  and  somewhat  expensive  stable  for  a  large  country 
place ;  one  supposed  to  contain  all  the  requisites  for  carrying  on  stabling  and  grooming 
operations  in  the  most  thorough  manner. 

In  any  establishment  of  this  size  and  Mnd,  there  is  supposed  to  be  help  enough  always 
at  hand  to  have  everything  done  properly  and  in  order ;  therefore,  there  should  be  a  place 
for  everything,  and  everything  should  be  kept  in  its  place.  There  should  be  a  place  for 
washing  carriages,  with  a  drained  floor  and  a  constant  supply  of  water,  and  there  should  be 
a  place  for  cleaning  horses  sheltered  overhead  and  at  the  sides,  and  yet  capable  of  being 
thrown  entirely  open  for  a  free  circulation  of  air  on  all  sides.  Water  should  be  supplied 
inside  the  stable,  near  the  stalls,  for  drinking  purposes,  and  also  near,  or  directly  over  the 
mixing  troughs.  There  should  be  an  ample  harness-room,  and,  if  practicable,  a  room  adjoin- 
ing it,  with  a  stove  and  boiler  for  heating  water  for  sundry  purposes  in  cold  weather.  There 
should  be  a  closet  with  glass  doors  in  front  for  every  fine  harness,  and  another  closet  for  those 
in  more  common  use.  There  should  be  a  separate  case  for  bits  and  chains  and  other  metal 
work  ;  a  rack  for  whips  (whips  should  always  be  hung  up,  heavy  end  downwards)  ;  another 
for  saddles,  and  separate  cupboards  and  drawers  for  carriage-robes,  horse-blankets,  mats, 
cushions,  and  all  such  things.  There  should  be  a  place  for  sponges,  pails,  cloths  and  dusters ; 
and  a  little  closet  somewhere  for  medicines,  so  that  in  case  of  emergency  the  remedies  may 
be  always  at  hand  ;  and  still  another  closet  for  extra  wrenches,  nuts,  bolts,  oils,  and  all  those 
minor  conveniences  which,  generally  when  they  are  wanted  (always  in  a  hurry,  of  course), 
are  never  to  be  found ;  and,  by  the  way,  let  us  here  remark,  that  every  carriage  should  have 
its  especial  wrench,  always  kept  in  the  box,  together  with  a  bolt  or  two,  some  strong  twine, 
a  couple  of  iron  splints,  and  whatever  else  might  readily  help  one  out  of  a  difiiculty  if  it 
should  occur  on  the  road. 

Attached  to  a  stable  of  this  kind  there  should  also  be  ample  shed-room  for  driving 
under,  or  for  storing  certain  kinds  of  vehicles  in ;  and  in  some  convenient  place,  either 
attached  to  or  distinct  fi'om  the  main  stable,  a  well  constructed  room  for  a  sick  horse,  dry, 
light,  protected,  and  having  a  floor  of  tan  or  some  other  soft  material. 

The  stable-yard  should  be  enclosed  by  a  high  wall,  and,  if  practicable,  the  dwelling- 


SECTION   FIEST — PLATES    18    ANB    19. 

house  of  the  head  groom  sliould  be  within  t"his  enclosure.     (See  the  design  immediately 
foregoing.) 

The  arrangements  for  manure  should  also  be  considered.  A  stone  tank  sunk  below  tbe 
surface  of  the  ground,  laid  in  cement,  and  made  watertight,  with  a  roof  about  five  feet 
above  the  ground,  supported  on  posts,  and  with  side  all  open  for  circulation  of  air,  is  a  very- 
good  arrangement  by  which  both  liquid  and  solid  manure  may  be  preserved. 

A  stable  having  all  the  conveniences  we  have  enumerated  above,  can  be  taken  care  of, 
we  are  sure,  with  less  expense  tban  one  where  everything  is  at  sixes  and  sevens — without  sys- 
tem, and  without  any  labor-saving  arrangements. 

The  design  represented  on  Plates  18  and  19,  is  intended  for  brick  construction,  the  walls 
being  fourteen  inches  thick,  laid  Twllow  ;  that  is,  having  an  eight-inch  outside  wall  and  an 
inside  four-incb  wall,  tied  both  together  across  a  two-inch  dead-air  space  with  iron  ties  put 
in  every  fifth  course,  and  twelve  to  eighteen  inches  apart. 

There  is  a  bluestone  water-table  ten  inches  high,  resting  on  the  ground  line,  the  top  of 
it  being  on  a  line  with  the  floor  of  the  stable.  Above  this  the  walls  are  eleven  feet  high, 
laid  with  clean  and  smooth  front  bricks  with  narrow  dark  joints,  up  to  a  belt-course  of  Ohio 
stone,  nine  inches  high,  which  runs  around  the  building  on  the  line  of  the  door  and  win- 
dow-heads. 

The  roofs  are  French  roofs  slated,  with  a  deck  or  flat  on  top,  tinned  ;  or  if  made  a  little 
more  steep,  slated  also,  with  purple  and  red  slates. 

The  partitions  are  of  brick  throughout,  and  the  floors  are  of  stone. 

The  beams  of  the  second  story  are  of  wrought  iron,  the  spaces  between  being  filled 
with  four-inch  flat  arches  of  brick,  and  filled  in  on  top  and  smoothed  off  with  cement,  this 
forming  the  hay-loft  floor.  On  the  under  side,  the  arches  are  plastered  and  hard-finished, 
the  plastering  following  the  curve  of  the  arch. 

The  walls  are  also  plastered  and  hard -finished  above  the  line  of  the  wainscoting,  which 
is  of  ash  throughout,  five  feet  high,  capped  with  a  neat  cap.  All  the  interior  finish  is  of 
ash,  except  the  stall  partitions,  which  are  of  two-inch  oak  plank,  let  into  iron  top  and  bot- 
tom rails. 

The  doors  are  also  of  oak,  made  to  slide. 

There  are  stalls  for  six  horses,  and  two  loose  boxes,  with  a  passage  behind  them  seven 
feet  wide.  From  this  passage  a  door  leads  into  the  carriage-room,  which  has  a  clear  space 
inside  of  thirty-two  by  tbrrty-seven  feet. 

Running  along  by  the  heads  of  the  horses  is  a  feeding  passage,  and  opening  out  of  it 
is  the  room  where  the  feed  is  kept,  in  chests.     It  is  stored  in  bulk  in  the  story  above,  and 


SECTION    FIRST — PLATES    18    AND    19. 

dropped  by  shoots  into  these  smaller  chests,  which  are  metal-lined,  and  thence  conveyed  to 
the  mixing-troughs. 

The  stalls  have  iron  gutters,  iron  mangers,  iron  guards  above  the  partitions,  and  two 
rows  of  iron  nibbling  or  tying-bars  in  front,  and  are  open  on  all  sides  to  light  and  air,  mak- 
ing it  a  very  cheerful  stable. 

The  harness-room  is  twelve  feet  square,  and  has  closets,  drawers,  cleaning-table,  stove 
and  boiler,  racks,  etc, 

A  manure- shed  is  at  the  rear,  and  beyond  it,  also  covered,  is  a  shed  for  cleaning  horses, 
at  the  extreme  end  of  which  is  a  room,  sixteen  by  twenty,  for  a  sick  horse.  This  is  beyond 
the  limits  of  our  drawing. 

With  this  design  we  close  our  list  of  stables. 


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Section  First. 


Plate  No.  19 


A  Brick  Stable  for  Eight  Horses. 


60  FT 


3a  FT 
3a  FT 

Plan 


SECTION    SECOND. 


FAEM   BUILDINGS    AND    OUTBUILDINGS, 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plates  No.  20  to  25. 

BUILDINGS    ERECTED   AT    PLUMBUSH    FARM. 

Plumbush  Farm  is  an  estate  of  about  sixty  acres,  owned  by  R.  P.  Parrott,  Esq.,  and  is 
situated  about  a  mile  south  of  the  village  of  Cold  Spring  in  this  State. 

It  was  a  farm  without  any  buildings  upon  it  whatever — if  we  may  except  a  small 
house,  which  was  afterwards  removed  to  another  location  and  remodeled  —  and,  in  1865,  we 
were  directed  to  design  a  complete  set  of  buildings,  including  farmer's-house,  barns,  sheds, 
poultry-house,  piggery,  etc.,  all  of  which  are  here  illustrated. 

Plates  No.  20  and  21,  represent  the  farm-house.  It  is  very  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
edge  of  a  grove  of  trees  through  which  a  drive- way  passes,  branching  from  the  public  road 
about  thirty  rods  distant.  From  the  windows  and  veranda  are  pleasant  views  of  the  Hud- 
son river  and  the  mountains  beyond  it,  with  the  village  of  Cold  Spring  for  a  foreground. 

It  is  a  frame  building  very  substantially  built,  the  walls  lined  with  brick  and  the 
roofs  covered  with  slate.  It  is  on  a  side-hill  sloping  towards  the  southeast,  and  the  base- 
ment on  that  side  is  nearly  all  out  of  ground.  The  front  door  faces  the  west,  and  the  living 
rooms  are  on  the  south  side.  In  order  to  give  effect  to  the  exterior,  the  walls  are  shingled 
up  to  the  line  of  the  main  window-sills,  and  above  that  are  clapboarded  to  the  eaves.  The 
windoAvs  have  steep  slated  hoods,  and  there  are  three  broad  and  comfortable  verandas. 

The  basement  is  built  with  a  very  substantial  stone  wall  twenty  inches  thick,  and  is 
divided  into  cellar,  dairy  and  wash-room,  besides  an  entry  for  the  farm  hands,  with  a  stair- 
case in  it  running  up  to  the  main  story,  and  thence  up  to  the  attic  of  the  rear  vnng. 

These  three  apartments  are  finished  off;  the  floors  rest  on  locust  sleepers  bedded  in 
concrete,  and  the  walls  are  lathed  and  plastered ;  the  dairy  has  tables  and  closets,  and  the 
wash-room  a  sink. 

In  the  principal  story,  we  find  a  hall  eight  feet  wide  opening  into  a  parlor  on  the  right, 
and  beyond  it  into  a  dining-room,  both  of  which  are  fifteen  feet  square.  Beyond  this  is  the 
kitchen,  and  still  beyond  this  a  back  kitchen,  fitted  up  with  a  sink,  dressers,  etc.,  and  at  the 
right  of  the  back  kitchen  is  the  back  staircase  alluded  to. 

At  the  left  of  the  main  hall  is  an  oflBce  or  business-room,  used  by  the  proprietor  for 


SECTION   SECOND ^PLATES    20   TO    25. 

transacting  business  connected  M'itli  the  farm.  It  is  supplied  with  book-shelves,  tables,  etc., 
and  has  a  separate  entrance  from  the  yard,  near  which  is  another  entrance  for  the  family 
directly  to  the  kitchen. 

Near  the  house  is  a  wood-house,  and  in  one  corner  of  it  is  a  privy.  Just  beyond  the 
wood-house  is  an  ice-house,  mostly  under  ground.  The  kitchen  and  dining-room  of  the 
house  have  ample  closets  fitted  up  with  shelves,  etc.,  in  the  usual  way. 

The  second  story  contains  four  good  finished  chambers,  all  supplied  with  closets.  Over 
the  back  kitchen  is  a  room  for  storage  purposes,  and  in  front,  over  the  main  entrance,  is  a 
small  chamber  eight  feet  square,  making  in  all  on  this  floor  six  good  rooms.  The  attics  are 
unfinished.  The  principal  story  is  nine  and  a  half  feet  high,  and  the  chamber-story  nine 
feet.  All  the  interior  is  finished  plainly  with  pine,  and  the  walls  and  ceilings  are  hard- 
finished. 

About  sixty  rods  distant  from  the  farm-house  are  the  barns,  etc.,  belonging  to  the 
establishment.  The  block  plan  of  them  is  given  on  Plate  23,  and  on  Plate  22  is  the  main 
barn  itself.  This  is  a  side-hill  barn,  and  measures  forty-five  by  seventy.  The  upper  part  is 
of  wood,  with  a  slated  roof,  and  the  basement  of  stone.  The  plan  of  the  basement  here 
given  has  been  altered  somewhat  from  the  original,  in  the  position  of  the  stalls  and  manure- 
pit,  and  is  considered  an  improvement  upon  it.  The  manure-pit  on  this  plan  is  on  the 
right  or  south  end,  and  next  to  it  —  beyond,  a  five  feet  passage  way  —  are  stands  for  ten 
cows,  divided  into  five  stalls,  measuring  seven  and  a  half  feet  square  each.  The  mangers 
are  two  feet  wide  and  two  and  a  half  feet  high  to  the  upper  edge,  and  the  partitions  next 
the  feeding  passage  are  five  feet  high. 

The  floors  of  the  stalls  slant  gradually  back  to  the  manure-pit.  The  whole  basement 
floor  is  of  stone,  and  the  manure-pit  is  depressed  about  two  feet  below  it,  lined  with  stone 
and  cemented,  in  order  to  save  the  liquid  as  well  as  the  solid  manure. 

There  are  calf-pens,  a  feeding-place  with  large  mixing-boxes,  and  a  stairway  leading  up  to 
the  main  floor.  There  are  also  stalls  for  three  horses,  and  a  separate  feed-room,  all  shut  off 
from  the  cow  stable.  Adjoining  is  an  open  shed  for  storing  carts,  etc.,  and  at  the  southeast 
corner  is  a  trough  supplied  with  water  from  a  spring  in  the  hill  above. 

The  principal  story  has  a  threshing-floor  twelve  feet  wide,  with  large  doors  at  each  end. 
On  one  side  is  a  granary,  next  it  an  open  space  for  machinery,  and  opposite,  a  large  tool-room. 
The  rest  of  the  space  is  for  storing  hay,  which  may  be  also  piled  upon  an  extra  loft  over  the 
threshing  floor. 

The  timber  used  in  the  construction  of  this  barn  is  all  pine,  except  the  rafters,  which 
are  of  spruce. 


SECTION   SECOND PLATES    20   TO    25. 

The  long  posts  are  eight  by  ten  inches,  and  the  inter-ties  connecting,  seven  by  eight 
inches. 

The  plates,  purlins  and  struts  are  six  by  six  inches. 

The  cross-girths  are  seven  by  eight  inches. 

The  braces  are  four  by  six  inches. 

The  main  floor-beams  between  the  posts  are  five  by  ten  inches,  and  the  rest  are  three 
by  ten  inches,  and  eighteen  inches  apart  from  centres,  all  resting  on  the  top  of  eight  by  ten 
inch  girders,  running  lengthwise  through  the  centre. 

The  rafters  are  of  spnice,  three  by  six  inches,  and  twenty-four  inches  from  centres,  rest- 
ing on  the  plate  and  ridge,  and  on  two  intermediate  rows  of  purlins. 

The  roof  is  covered  with  hemlock  boards  and  slated,  and  the  walls  are  boarded  verti- 
cally and  battened.  The  threshing-floor  is  of  two-inch  plank,  and  the  bays  of  inch  and  a 
quarter,  all  tongued  together  and  made  tight. 

The  fronts  of  the  bays  are  ceiled  up  three  feet,  and  at  intervals  are  close  ventilators  from 
the  basement,  and  open  ladder  ventilators  for  this  story  running  up  to  a  point  near  the  large 
ventilator  on  the  roof 

The  enclosed  barn-yard  is  about  a  hundred  feet  square,  and  forming  its  western  bound- 
ary is  the  building  shown  on  Plate  24.  which  is  used  as  a  carpenter's  shop,  piggery  and 
poultry-house. 

It  measures  seventeen  feet  in  width  and  ninety-one  feet  in  length. 

A  square  of  seventeen  feet  on  the  extreme  left  is  carried  up  as  a  sort  of  tower,  to  the 
height  of  thirty-three  feet. 

The  first  story  is  used  as  a  carpenter's  shop,  the  second  as  a  lumber-room,  and  the  attic 
as  a  pigeon-loft. 

The  next  section  of  the  building  of  twenty-four  feet  is  a  piggery.  There  are  two  pens, 
each  six  by  twelve,  having  a  feeding-passage  along  the  fi'ont,  and  separate  yards  on  the 
other  side,  enclosed  by  a  fence  and  sheltered  by  the  roof  of  the  building.  The  floor  of  all 
this  part  is  of  slabs  of  blue  flagging  on  a  concrete  bed. 

Next  on  the  plan  is  a  room  with  a  boiler  in  it  for  cooking  fodder,  with  troughs  for 
mixing,  and  rat-proof  bins  for  containing  corn,  meal,  etc. ;  and  next  to  this  is  the  poultiy- 
house.  The  yard  in  front  of  the  poultry-house  occupies  about  two  acres  of  ground,  and  is 
surrounded  by  a  high  picket  fence  on  all  sides,  and  the  front  of  the  house  towards  this  yard 
is  mostly  of  glass.  There  is  a  passage  four  feet  wide  along  the  inside,  and,  separated  by 
slat  partitions  from  it,  are  two  rooms,  each  thirteen  by  flfteen,  with  roosts,  and  twenty-seven 
nests  in  each  one.     The  nests  are  each  eighteen  inches  cube,  and  are  placed  in  three  tiers. 


SECTION  SECONB — PLATES  20  TO  25. 

The  fronts  towards  the  roosts  open  out  upon  broad  shelves  protected  in  front,  and  the  par- 
titions "between  the  nests  project  a  foot  beyond  the  face  of  each,  so  that  the  entrances  are  all 
quite  sheltered.  The  backs  open  upon  the  passage  which  passes  between  the  two  rooms  to 
the  hen-yard,  and  small  doors  here  enable  one  to  remove  the  eggs  without  entering  the 
rooms. 

At  the  extreme  right  are  three  small  rooms  for  setting  hens  ;  a  dozen  hens  can  be 
accommodated  here,  each  with  a  nest  similar  to  those  in  the  laying-rooms,  though  more  retired. 

The  floor  of  this  henery  is  of  plank ;  it  was  to  have  been  of  concrete,  which  is  much 
preferable,  but  it  was  found  not  practicable  on  account  of  the  great  amount  of  filling  in  that 
would  have  been  required.  The  walls  are  of  frame,  filled  in  closely  with  bricks  and  mortar, 
and  the  whole  interior,  including  ceiling,  is  lathed  and  plastered.  The  flue  of  the  cooking- 
room  can  be  used  for  warming  the  henery,  so  that  in  cold  weather  it  may  be  beyond  the 
reach  of  frost. 

Hens  love  warmth,  air,  sun,  a  plenty  of  room,  and,  above  all,  secrecy  and  quiet  when 
on  their  nests,  and  it  has  been  the  aim  to  provide  all  these  requisites  in  this  structure. 

Near  it  is  the  corn-crib,  which,  like  ordinary  corn-cribs,  is  of  slat-work,  elevated  about 
four  feet  above  the  ground,  and  protected  by  tin  plates. 

Reference  to  the  block  plan  will  show  the  barn  and  the  shed  adjoining  it  ;  the  poultry- 
house  and  corn-crib ;  the  barn-yard  and  hen-yard,  and  the  fences  enclosing  them  ;  the 
public  road  on  the  right,  and  the  private  road  to  the  farm-house  on  the  left. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  20 


Plumbush  Farmhouse. 


Perspective 


veran  da 


N  DA  I 


Principal  Floor 


A 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  21. 


Plumbush  Farmhouse. 


Chamber 
l.-i-  1,1 


Chamber     plan 


WASH  Room  | 
1 2  <  IS 


f 

DAIRY  14-20 

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CELLAR 

Basement  Plan 


D     o 

=  I 


Section  Second. 


"q 


Plate  No.  22 


Plumbush    Barn. 


-PERSPECTIVE    VIEW    OF    PLUMBUSH    BARN 


BASEMENT    PLAN 


Manure 


Barn  Yard 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  23 


Block  plan 

or  Plumbush  farm  buildings 


Road 


ta^d«&^4^ 


« 

■* 


10    FT 


Principal    Floor    Plan   of 
Main    Barn 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  24 


Plumbush    Henery  &c. 


PERSPECTIVE 


BARN     YARD 


HEN     YARD 


PLAN 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plates  No.  25  to  30. 

BUTLDINGS  FOR  A  LAEGE   STOCK  FAEM. 

The  buildings  here  illustrated  will  afford  a  good  example  of  wliat  is  required  in  a  very 
complete  and  first-class  establishment  for  raising  stock. 

On  Plate  No.  27,  the  block  plan  will  show  the  general  and  relative  arrangement  of  the 
buildings. 

In  the  front  is  the  main  building  with  its  wings,  extending  a  length  of  two  hundred 
and  ninety  feet.  From  these  wdngs  at  right  angles  run  two  other  wings,  the  one  on  the  left 
for  pigs  and  sheep,  and  the  other,  on  the  right,  intended  as  a  sheltered  run  for  young  colts. 
Beyond  the  left  wdng  is  the  dairy,  and  close  by  it  is  the  ice-house.  Opposite  the  main  barn 
is  a  manure  pit. 

The  horse-yard  is  separated  from  the  cattle-yard  by  a  fence,  and  enclosing  them  both  is 
another  fence,  so  that  within  is  formed  a  sort  of  hollow  square,  which  fronts  towards  the 
south.     This  square  occupies  an  area  of  two  hundred  by  two  hundred  and  ninety  feet. 

The  general  idea  for  the  arrangement  of  these  buildings  was  taken  from  plans  pub- 
lished in  the  "  American  Agriculturist  "  in  1867,  as  one  of  the  Groesbeck  prize  plans,  made 
by  us  in  competition. 

Plate  No.  25  shows  the  perspective  view  of  the  main  building.  As  will  be  seen  in  the 
picture,  it  comprises  a  central  building  with  wings  on  either  side.  The  basement  of  the  cen- 
tral building  is  on  a  level  vpith  the  floor  of  the  wings  and  nearly  level  with  the  ground 
also ;  being  raised  up  about  ten  inches  above  the  grade.  The  second  story  is  reached  by 
means  of  inclined  planes  from  the  front  and  rear,  and  is  used  w^holly  for  the  storage  of  hay 
and  grain,  and  for  threshing  purposes. 

Plate  No.  26  shows  the  ground  plan,  and  on  Plate  No.  27  is  the  plan  of  the  second  floor. 

Accommodation. — Commencing  in  the  central  portion  of  the  basement  or  first  floor 
plan,  we  find  a  space  marked  "  open  sheds,"  covering  an  area  of  forty  by  forty-five  feet. 
This  is  intended  for  the  storage  of  wagons,  carts,  implements,  etc.,  and  also  for  the  placing 
of  machinery  for  carrying  on  such  of  the  farming  operations  as  it  is  adapted  for.  This 
space  has  broad  arched  openings  on  three  sides  towards  the  yards. 

There  are  two  root-cellars  provided  here,  each  measuring  about  twelve  by  twenty-four 
feet — and  a  shop  for  repairing,  fitted  up  with  carpenter's  bench,  etc.,  and  having  a  smoke-pipe 


SECTION   SECOND — PLATES    25   TO    30. 

flue  near  the  ceiling.  On  the  left  of  the  front  projection  is  a  room  marked  "  feed-room.' 
This  is  directly  under  the  granary,  from  which  shoots  convey  feed  to  large  mixing-boxes. 
There  is  a  large  receptacle  for  cut  hay,  also  supplied  from  the  floor  above,  and  a  water- 
trough,  with  a  constant  supply  of  water.  The  feed  is  mixed  in  this  room,  put  into  a  large 
box  to  which  wheels  are  attached,  and  run  along  the  feeding-passage  and  distributed  to  the 
several  stalls.  This  feeding-passage  has  an  uninterrupted  length  of  two  hundred  and  ninety 
feet.  Near  the  centre  of  the  barn  is  an  elevator  ten  feet  square,  to  be  worked  by  machinery 
and  used  for  raising  and  lowering  machinery  and  other  heavy  apparatus  from  story  to  story. 
The  rest  of  the  space  in  the  basement  of  this  central  part  is  all  open  room,  and  near  the 
entrance  door,  which  is  under  the  bridge  of  the  main  doors  above,  is  a  large  platform  scales. 

At  the  right  of  the  central  portion  is  the  horse  wing.  This  is  thirty-six  by  one-hundred- 
and-two  feet ;  has  brick  walls,  a  paved  floor,  and  a  plastered  ceiling.  The  feeding-passage 
is  six  feet  wide,  and  at  the  rear  of  the  stalls  is  a  passage- way  eight  feet  wide,  having  in  it 
two  troughs  constantly  supplied  with  water.  There  are  stalls  for  fourteen  horses,  each  six 
feet  wide.  Leading  from  this  rear  passage  is  an  open  shed  for  grooming  horses  in,  and 
another  for  airing  bedding  after  use.  The  place  for  storing  bedding  is  close  by.  In  the 
horse  wing  are  seven  loose  boxes,  five  of  which  are  open  and  two  of  which  are  close  rooms, 
for  sick  horses. 

At  right  angles  to  this  wing  is  another,  eighteen  by  eighty  feet,  all  open  inside,  and 
intended  as  a  place  for  young  colts  to  run  in.  It  has  three  doors  leading  to  the  yard,  and  a 
trough  for  water.  The  stalls  and  boxes  are  all  made  after  the  most  approved  manner,  hav- 
ing iron  fixtures,  iron  stall  partitions,  and  iron  gutters  to  convey  the  liquid  manure  to  two 
large  brick  tanks,  marked  L,  M,  T,  on  the  plan.  There  is  a  harness-room  eleven  feet  square, 
provided  with  cupboards,  etc. 

The  wing  for  the  cows  is  on  the  left  of  the  central  part,  and  measures  thirty-two  by 
one  hundred  feet.  It  has  stalls  for  twenty  cows,  arranged  in  pairs,  each  double  stall  aver- 
aging seven-and-a-half  feet  wide.  There  are  two  water-troughs  here,  and  just  outside  the 
building  is  a  shed  seventeen  by  forty  feet,  for  milking  under.  The  feeding-passage  in  front 
of  the  stalls  is  six  feet  wide,  and  on  the  other  side  of  it  are  eight  calf  pens,  and  three  open 
boxes,  each  eight  by  twelve,  besides  a  close  room  or  box,  twelve  feet  square.  Near  this  is  a 
room  finished  off  for  a  man  to  sleep  in.  In  the  eostreme  left  end  of  this  wing,  and  separated 
by  a  brick  wall,  are  two  boxes  for  bulls,  and  connected  with  each  is  a  separate  yard,  sur- 
rounded by  a  strong  fence. 

Branching  from  the  cow-wing  at  right  angles,  is  a  wing  measuring  sixteen  by  eighty- 
four.     The  first  section  has  five  pig-pens  with  five  separate  yards.     Next  is  a  room  fourteen 


SECTION   SECOITD — ^PLATES   25   TO    30. 

by  eighteen,  for  storing  and  steaming  the  fodder,  and  beyond  it  is  a  shed,  to  be  used  as  a 
feeding-shed  for  sheep. 

The  wings  are  only  one  story  high,  but  there  are  lofts  over  them  which  may  be  used 
for  storing,  if  extra  space  be  required. 

The  upper  part  of  the  central  building  is  used  principally  for  storing  hay.  There  is  a 
threshing-floor  running  entirely  through  it  from  north  to  south,  with  a  door  at  each  end,  and 
inclined  planes  to  reach  it  by.  This  is  fourteen  feet  wide,  laid  with  two-inch  plank  grooved, 
and  put  together  Avith  tongues  of  half-inch  by  inch  stuff.  The  floors  of  the  bays  are  laid  with 
one-and-a-quarter  inch  tongued  and  grooved  plank,  and  the  fronts  are  ceiled  up  three  feet 
high.  In  these  bays,  running  from  the  floor  to  the  roof,  are  eight  slat-boxes  or  ventilators, 
designed  to  prevent  the  heating  of  the  hay  when  packed  in  bulk.  They  are  all  connected 
with  the  outside  air  by  means  of  boxes  running  along  between  the  beams  of  the  floor,  and 
having  wire  nettings  at  the  ends  in  the  walls.  To  aid  in  ventilating,  most  of  the  window 
openings  in  this  upper  part  of  the  barn  are  fitted  with  heavy  blinds  instead  of  glass  windows. 

The  gi-anary  is  on  this  floor,  and  is  separated  by  close  partitions  from  the  rest.  There 
is  a  door  from  it  opening  outwards  with  a  heavy  crane  over  it,  to  be  used  for  hoisting  feed 
from  wagons  outside,  when  necessary.  The  bins  are  all  made  of  heavy  plank,  with  sliding- 
doors  in  front,  double  bottoms,  and  joints  protected  by  zinc.  Shoots  run  from  these  directly 
to  the  feed-room  beneath. 

Construction. — These  buildings  are  all  designed  to  be  constructed  in  the  very  best 
manner  throughout.     The  foundations  of  stone,  the  walls  of  brick,  and  the  roofs  all  slated. 

The  floors  of  all  the  open  sheds,  and  of  the  sheep  and  colt-rooms,  are  to  be  of  gravel. 
Those  in  the  feed-room,  harness-room,  and  repair-shops,  to  be  cemented ;  and  all  the  others, 
comprising  those  in  the  horse  and  cow  stable  and  main  basement,  to  be  paved  with  large 
paving-stones,  and  then  evenly  grouted  up  with  cement — all  except  the  piggery  floor,  which 
is  to  be  paved  with  bluestone  flagging  laid  in  cement. 

The  greatest  length  of  the  central  part  is  ninety-four  feet,  and  the  greatest  width  eighty- 
eight  feet.  The  ceilings  of  all  the  basement,  except  the  sheep  and  colt  wings,  are  to  be 
lathed  and  plastered  and  whitewashed.  These  ceilings  are  about  eleven  feet  high,  and  the 
roofs  are  trussed  so  as  to  be  self-supporting.  The  inner  main  partitions  are  of  brick,  and  in 
the  basement  of  the  main  barn  are  twenty  brick  piers,  each  two  feet  square,  for  the  support 
of  the  frame- work  above. 

The  inner  frame-work  of  the  superstructure  is  of  the  most  substantial  kind  ;  the  timber 
is  all  pine  or  spruce,  except  the  rafters,  which  are  hemlock. 

The  girders  carrying  the  floor  beams  are  eight  inches  by  twelve  inches.     The  floor 


SECTION   SECOND — PLATE8    25   TO    30. 

beams  themselves,  three  by  ten  and  eighteen  inches  apart  from  centres.  The  main  posts 
ten  by  twelve  inches.  The  cross  girths  from  posts  to  walls,  and  the  cross-ties  and  inter-ties, 
five  by  ten  inches.  The  wall-plate  is  four  by  ten  inches,  and  the  post  and  purlin-plates  six 
by  six  inches.  The  bracing  is  four  by  five,  four  by  six,  and  six  by  eight  inches.  The  com- 
mon rafters  are  hemlock,  three  by  six  inches,  and  twenty-four  inches  from  centres.  All  the 
outside  wood-work  has  three  coats  of  brown  paint,  and  all  the  inside  wood-work  has  two 
coats  of  blue  lead  paint. 

The  Manure-Pit,  shown  on  Plate  No.  28,  measures  twenty  by  thirty-six,  and  is  con- 
structed in  the  following  manner.  The  bottom  is  sunk  about  three  feet  below  the-- level  of 
the  ground,  and  the  walls,  up  to  the  grade  line,  are  of  stone  laid  in  cement.  The  bottom  is 
concreted,  and  the  sides  are  tightly  cemented.  Above  the  grade,  to  the  height  of  five  feet, 
is  an  eight-inch  brick  wall,  with  a  gateway  left  in  it  at  one  end.  On  this  wall  is  put  a  plate, 
or  sill  for  the  frame,  and  upon  this  is  raised  the  frame  of  the  top.  The  framed  sides  above 
this  are  about  six  feet  high  ;  a  portion  left  always  open  for  the  circulation  of  air,  and  the 
rest  closed  by  vertical  boarding  and  battens,  as  shown  in  the  plan  and  perspective.  Cov- 
ering the  whole  is  a  slated  roof  with  broad,  overhanging  eaves. 

The  Dairy  is  at  the  southeast  corner  of  the  enclosure.  As  will  be  seen  by  Plate  No. 
29,  it  is  somewhat  picturesque  in  character,  though  very  simple  as  to  construction.  It  has 
two  stories  and  a  cellar.  The  cellar  has  a  cemented  floor  and  whitewashed  walls,  and  is 
intended  as  a  cool  storing  place  for  butter.  In  the  principal  story  is  a  room  fourteen  by 
twenty,  for  making  butter  in.  It  has  a  wide  marble  table  or  shelf;  a  large  sink  for  wash- 
ing, with  a  supply  of  water  over  it  ;  cupboards  and  closets  ;  and  a  flue  for  a  boiler  smoke- 
pipe.  Adjoining  it  is  a  room  nine  by  eighteen  feet,  for  setting  milk  for  cream.  This  has 
stone  shelves  three  feet  wide  all  around,  over  which  flows  constantly  a  stream  of  water, 
which,  entering  at  the  upper  end,  flows  aroimd  the  pans,  and  is  discharged  at  the  lower  end 
into  a  small  cobble-stone  cesspool  about  twenty  feet  from  the  house. 

The  cheese-room  is  eighteen  by  twenty-four ;  has  a  chimney  flue,  stands  for  presses, 
etc.,  and  overhead  a  loft  for  curing  cheese. 

This  building  is  built  of  brick  and  has  a  slated  roof.  The  interior  is  all  finished  off", 
lathed  and  plastered.  There  is  a  stoop  at  the  entrance,  and  near  it  are  wide  shelves  for 
drying  pans  upon. 

The  Fence  connecting  all  these  buildings  together,  and  dividing  the  horse-yard  from 
the  cattle-yard,  is  se\'en  feet  high,  made  of  four-inch  pickets,  placed  four  inches  apart,  and 
carried  on  locust  posts,  about  seven  feet  apart,  set  three-and-a-half  feet  in  the  ground. 


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Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  27 


Barn  for  a  Large  Stock  Farm, 


Block  plan  of  the  farm  Buildings 


Manure 
Pit 


1300  FttT 


Plan  of  second  Floor  of  Main  Barn 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  28 


Manure  Pit  for  a  Large  Stock  Farm, 


PERSPECTIVE 


Plan 


SECTION 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  29 


Dairy  Building  for  a  Large  Stock  Farm. 


Perspective 


PLAN 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plates  No.  30  and  31. 

A    FAEM   BAEN. 

We  here  present  a  design  for  a  barn  which,  though  not  in  reality  a  side-Mil  barn,  com- 
bines all  the  advantages  of  that  manner  of  building,  with  more  perfect  light,  more  thorough 
ventilation,  and  more  extent  of  yard-room ;  in  fact,  the  basement  is  a  full  story  entirely 
above  the  ground  on  the  two  longest  sides,  and  having  windows  and  doors  opening  out 
upon  two  barn-yards,  one  on  the  north  and  one  on  the  south. 

The  foundation  and  basement  are  of  rubble-stone,  laid  in  cement.  The  bottom  course 
is  three  and  a  half  feet  in  the  ground  on  a  solid  foundation,  and  the  walls  are  two  feet  thick 
at  the  two  ends,  the  sides  being  carried  on  stone  piers,  between  which  are  windows  and 
doors.  The  superstructure  is  of  frame,  boarded  and  battened,  and  the  roof  is  slated.  The 
eaves  project  some  three  feet,  and  are  carried  on  heavy  brackets,  and  the  ridge  of  the  roof 
is  surmounted  by  a  ventilator. 

The  doors  are  all  made  in  two  halves,  so  that  the  upper  half  may  be  open  for  air  while 
the  lower  half  is  shut. 

The  inclined  planes  at  each  end  which  lead  to  the  main  floors,  have  sides  of  masonry 
filled  in  with  stones  and  gravel,  and  under  one  of  them  is  a  large  root  cellar,  opening  into 
the  wagon  shed,  on  the  left  of  the  plan. 

The  perspective  view  is  taken  from  the  north  side. 

The  winter  barn-yard  and  the  entrances  to  the  basement,  are  on  the  opposite  or  south 
side,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  plans.  There  is  a  rain  water  cistern  on  this  side  twelve  feet  in 
diameter,  taking  the  water  from  the  roof,  and  near  by  is  a  trough,  with  a  pump  for  filling  it. 
TTie  manure-pit  extends  across  the  whole  western  end,  and  has  a  door  opening  to  each  barn- 
yard. There  are  stalls  for  ten  cows,  with  a  six-foot  passage  between  them  and  the  manure- 
pit.  There  are  two  boxes  for  cows  besides,  and  stalls  for  two  yokes  of  oxen  ;  also  two  calf- 
pens. 

The  wagon  shed  occupies  the  east  end  of  the  basement  seen  on  the  left  of  the  plan. 


SECTION   SECOND — PLATES    30    AND   31. 

The  feed  is  all  kept  in  tlie  story  al)ove,  and  is  discharged  into  large  mixing-troughs  in 
the  feeding  passage.     This  feeding  place  is  large  and  convenient  to  all  the  stalls. 

The  barn  measures  forty-five  by  seventy  feet,  and  the  posts  of  the  upper  portion  are 
seventeen  feet  long. 

On  the  principal  floor  are  large  hay  bays  on  either  side  of  a  threshing  passage,  extend- 
ing from  the  floor  and  from  the  tops  of  the  small  rooms  up  into  the  roof  Hay  may  also  be 
stored  over  the  threshing  floor,  above  the  levels  of  the  main  doors.  There  are  four  large 
ventilators,  running  from  the  basement  up  to  the  cupola. 

The  tool-room  is  fourteen  by  sixteen  ;  the  granary  is  ten  by  fourteen  feet,  and  adjoining 
it,  and  directly  over  the  manure-pit,  are  stalls  for  four  horses,  with  a  plank  floor  resting  on 
locust  joists. 


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Section  Second. 


Plate  No. 31 


A  Basement  Barn 


Plan  of  Basement 


Plan  of  Main  floor 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  32. 

OUTBUILDING  FOR  A  SMALL  YCLLAGE   LOT. 

This  design  represents  a  small  one-story  building,  suitable  in  size  and  proportions  for 
any  village  lot  of  ordinary  dimensions.  It  is  intended  to  be  used  as  a  wood  house  and  work- 
shop, and  has  in  it  besides,  a  privy  and  a  small  tool-room.  Buildings  of  this  description  are 
more  commonly  than  elsewhere,  found  in  New  England  towns,  where  they  are  popularly 
termed  woodsheds,  and  no  place  is  considered  complete  which  lacks  one.  Sometimes  they 
are  attached  to  the  house,  and  sometimes  they  are  placed  entirely  separate.  If  attached, 
they  partake  of  the  general  style  of  the  main  building,  though  plainer  of  course,  and  form 
an  extension  of  the  kitchen  wing. 

They  are  seen  in  many  of  the  older-fashioned  places,  joined  to  the  kitchen  at  the  side 
of  the  house,  and  extending,  perhaps,  a  hundred  feet  in  the  same  line  with  the  front,  and 
terminating  in  an  ample  carriage-house  and  stable. 

The  lot  on  which  this  building  is  supposed  to  be  put,  is  sixty  by  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  feet.  Then  the  house — we  will  say  thirty  feet  square  —  will  stand  about  fifty  feet 
back  from  the  street,  and  will  be  so  placed  as  to  allow  a  good  wagon-way  past  it  to  the  rear. 
At  the  extreme  end  of  the  lot  will  be  the  outbuilding,  measuring  twenty  by  thirty-six  feet, 
and  between  it  and  the  house  a  green  grass-plot,  with  a  rustic  well,  or  arbor,  or  something  of 
the  kind,  in  the  centre.  The  fences  should  be  hidden  by  rows  of  Arbor  Vitse,  or  hemlock, 
or  spruce ;  and,  here  and  there  in  front  of  them,  deciduous  shrubs  in  clumps,  to  make  the 
straight  line  irregular.  Much  cannot  be  done,  of  course,  in  sixty  feet,  but  something  can  })e 
accomplished,  and  that  to  a  very  considerable  extent,  by  the  proper  treatment  of  a  very  few 
shrubs  and  evergreens,  and  a  half  a  dozen  fine  deciduous  trees.  The  object  should  be  on 
so  small  a  space,  to  preserve  the  completeness  as  much  and  as  well  as  possible,  with  no 
attempt  at  variety  or  intricacy. 

This  little  building  is  of  frame,  covered  vertically  on  the  outside  with  tongued  and 
grooved  boards,  and  finished  as  shown  in  the  picture,  with  braces  and  corner  boards,  made 
of  two  by  five-inch  stuff,  planted  on  the  face  of  the  boarding.  A  recess  in  front  forms  a 
veranda,  from  which  open  the  different  parts.  The  privy  is  on  the  right,  and  has  an  outer 
and  an  inner  door.  The  vault  should  be  stoned  or  boxed  up,  and  have  a  hinged  cover  at 
the  rear  for  cleaning  out  by.  The  woodshed  is  fourteen  by  twenty  feet,  and  the  workshop 
is  fourteen  by  fifteen  feet,  having  a  large  closet  for  tools  opening  out  of  it. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  32 


An  Outbuilding  for  a  Village  Lot 


"s:^'? 


Elevation 


pla  N 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  33. 

ANOTHER     OUTBUILDING. 

This  is  another  design  for  an  outbuilding,  somewhat  larger  than  the  last,  and  having, 
instead  of  the  workshop,  a  hen-coop  and  a  pig-pen,  thereby,  perhaps,  making  it  valuable  to 
a  greater  mimber  of  persons.  This  would  occupy  nearly  the  whole  width  of  a  sixty-foot 
lot,  and  should  be  placed  so  that  behind  it  would  be  the  kitchen-garden,  hen-yards,  etc., 
while  between  it  and  the  house  should  be  the  grass-plot  and  trees.  In  the  centre  is  a  pas- 
sage six  feet  wide,  running  directly  through  it  and  connecting  the  front  with  the  rear  yards. 

There  are  in  it  a  wood-room  nineteen  teet  by  twenty,  and  a  pig-pen  with  a  pig-yard 
attached,  on  the  right  of  the  passage ;  and  on  the  left  a  tool-room,  eight  by  ten,  a  hen-coop, 
twelve  by  nineteen  feet,  and  a  privy.  The  hen-coop  is  supposed  to  have  all  the  proper  fix- 
tures in  the  way  of  nests,  roosts,  feed-boxes,  etc.,  and  at  the  rear  is  a  yard  extending  indefin- 
itely—  the  larger  the  better  for  the  hens. 

The  building  is  very  simple,  framed,  boarded  and  battened,  and  having  a  shingled  roof. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  33 


Another  Outbuilding. 


PERSPECTIVE    . 


HEN  YARD 


I         'r^ 


PASSAGE  II      "    c 
HEN   COOP  9  ■^ 


12  ■  V.< 


TOOL 
ROOM 
H   '  10 


WOODSHED 

■.>c)       l.'l 


ii 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  34. 

STABLE   AND   SHED    COMBINED. 

This  design  might,  perhaps,  have  been  placed  with  greater  propriety  in  Section  First, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  partly  a  stable ;  but  as  it  is  equally  a  woodshed,  and  as  its  general  char- 
acter seems  to  place  it  here,  we  have  here  put  it. 

We  have  endeavored  to  provide  for  the  requirements  of  a  person  who,  living  on  a  vil- 
lage lot  —  say,  sixty  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  —  wishes,  besides  the  wood-house  and 
tool-house,  to  have  accommodation  for  a  single  horse  and  carriage,  with  room  overhead  for 
a  few  bundles  of  hay. 

This  building  measures  twenty  by  fifty-four  feet.  The  central  compartment  is  an  open 
shed,  twenty  feet  square,  at  the  farther  end  of  which  is  a  door  opening  to  the  yard  beyond 
the  rear.  In  this  shed  should  be  a  manger  and  a  hay-rack,  so  that  (as  there  is  here  only 
one  stall)  a  stranger's  horse  may  at  any  time  be  fed  and  watered. 

The  stable  is  in  the  right  wing,  and  comprises  one  stall  six  feet  wide,  with  a  wooden  hay- 
rack and  manger,  and  a  carriage-room  ten  by  eighteen  feet,  with  doors  leading  to  the  shed. 
There  is  a  closet  for  feed  in  the  horse-room,  and  another  for  harness  in  the  carriage-room. 

On  the  left  of  the  open  shed  is  a  wood-shed  fourteen  by  sixteen  feet,  having  no  doors, 
but  an  arched  opening  towards  the  shed.  Next  to  this  is  the  tool-room,  six  by  sixteen  feet, 
and  taken  out  of  the  tool-room  space  is  a  privy  with  a  boxed  vault. 

This  building,  like  the  others,  is  very  simple  in  construction,  having  a  light  frame, 
boarded  and  battened  walls,  a  shingled  roof,  and  plank  floors.  The  stable  and  shed  parts 
have  a  floor  overhead,  with  a  little  window  on  the  front  of  the  roof  to  light  the  loft  by,  and 
a  door  over  the  end  windows  of  the  stable  to  fill  it  by ;  or,  it  may  be  filled  by  means  of  a 
trap-door  over  the  shed,  directly  from  a  wagon,  and  a  tackle  and  fall  may  be  hung  from  the 
roof  directly  over  the  trap-door 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  34 


Stable  and  Sheds  Combined. 


Elevation 


54  FT 


SECTION  8EC0ND. 
Plate  No.  35. 

A    COMPLETE    OUTBUILDING. 

This  design  was  made  for  a  gentleman  in  Fishkill  some  years  since,  and  comprises  nearly 
every  convenience  it  is  possible  to  get  within  the  compass  of  a  building  of  this  kind. 

It  is  sixteen  feet  in  width,  and  has  total  length  of  ninety  feet,  counting  the  length  of 
the  pig-pens  and  yards. 

The  central  portion  which  projects  in  front  of  the  rest,  and  has  a  gable  over  it,  is  an 
open  space,  designed  for  piling  up  wood,  etc.  It  measures  fourteen  feet  by  seventeen.  At 
the  right  is  a  cow-house  sixteen  feet  square,  having  stalls  for  three  cows  and  a  stairway  to 
the  hay-loft  over  it.  On  the  right  of  the  cow-house  is  a  work-shop.  Both  have  doors  to 
the  yard. 

On  the  left  of  the  open  shed  is  an  ice-house  mostly  under  ground,  and  over  it  a  cold 
room  for  preserving  meats,  etc.  Next  to  this  is  a  passage-way,  and  at  the  left  of  the  pas- 
sage a  hen-coop,  fitted  up  with  nests,  roosts,  etc.,  and  having  communication  under  the  floor 
with  a  large  hen-yard  at  the  rear  of  the  building.  Next  comes  a  room  for  chickens  with  a 
separate  yard,  and  beyond  this  is  the  pig-pen,  with  its  yard,  surrounded  by  a  tight  board 
fence,  a  part  of  which  may  be  seen  in  the  perspective  view. 

This  building  was  built  in  the  vertical  and  battened  manner. 


r^ 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  35 


A  Complete  Outbuilding. 


PERSPECTIVE 


PigPen 

6'  B 


PtGYARD 


^ICKENSl 


GOV/ 


1^ 


Plan 


SECTION   SECOND. 
Plate  No.  36. 

DESIGN   FOR  A   POULTRY-HOUSE. 

This  little  building  is  a  poultry-house  wliicli  has  recently  been  built  near  the  village  of 
Cold  Spring. 

It  stands  in  the  midst  of  a  wood,  close  by  the  gardener's  cottage  on  a  gentleman's  place, 
and  has  a  yard  on  the  south  side  occupying  about  an  acre  of  ground,  and  surrounded  by  a 
picket  fence  eight  feet  high.  The  southern  front  of  the  building  is  nearly  all  glass,  afford- 
ing a  plenty  of  sunlight  to  the  inmates.  The  entrance  is  on  the  north  side  —  the  front 
shown  in  the  picture  —  and  the  door  opens  first  into  an  entry  seven  by  nine  feet.  On  the 
right  is  a  room,  seven  by  twelve,  for  sitting  hens,  and  on  the  left  a  closet  for  feed,  fitted  up 
with  rat-proof  boxes  or  bins.  The  roosting-room  is  ten  by  nineteen,  and  has  inclined  roosts 
placed  about  twenty  inches  apart,  and  room  in  front  for  feeding.  The  laying-room  is  ten 
feet  by  twelve,  and  has  thirty-two  laying-boxes,  placed  on  wide  shelves  in  two  tiers,  and 
having  sheltered  entrances  on  the  side  towards  the  glass  front.  There  are  doors  at  the  rear 
of  them  for  taking  away  the  eggs.  In  one  corner  of  the  building  is  a  privy  belonging  to 
the  gardener's  house. 

This  building  is  of  frame,  battened,  and  has  a  slated  roof.  The  walls  are  filled  in 
with  bricks  and  mortar,  and  are  lathed  and  plasted.  The  ceilings  are  also  lathed  and  plas- 
tered.    The  floors  are  grouted-up  and  cemented. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  36 


Design  for  a  Poultry  House. 


Perspective 


SOUTH  ^        , 

YARD         ONE    ACRE 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  37. 

AN  EXTENSIVE   POULTRY-HOUSE. 

This  design  represents  a  poultry-house  of  considerable  size,  suitable  for  a  large  country 
place,  or  for  an  establishment  where  eggs  and  poultry  are  raised  for  market. 

It  is  supposed  to  be  constructed  of  bricks,  the  central  portion  being  twelve  feet  wide 
and  thirty-six  feet  long,  with  walls  thirteen  feet  high,  and  the  wings  each  twelve  by 
twenty-four  feet,  with  walls  eight  feet  high.  The  second  story  of  the  central  portion  is  used 
as  a  pigeon-house. 

The  ceilings  are  lathed  and  plastered,  and  filled  in  with  tan  or  sawdust,  and  the  roofs 
are  slated.  The  entrance  is  on  the  north  side,  and  the  yard  opens  towards  the  south,  and 
is  surrounded  by  a  lattice  or  picket  fence,  about  seven  feet  high.  In  the  middle  of  the  yard 
is  a  shallow  pond  fed  by  a  constant  brook,  so  that  there  is  always  a  supply  of  water 
for  the  fowls.  It  is  also  desirable  (although  we  have  not  shown  one  on  this  plan)  to  have 
a  sheltered  place  for  hens  and  chickens  to  run  about  and  scratch  in  during  rainy  and  stormy 
weather ;  and  we  would  put  this  in  the  form  of  a  low-roofed  shed,  extending,  say — fifty  feet 
at  right  angles  to  the  roosting-room. 

The  floors  of  this  house  are  all  raised  about  two  feet  above  the  ground,  and  are  of  con- 
crete and  cement,  and  should  be  made  vermin-proof 

At  the  right  and  left  of  the  entrance  are  two  large  feed  closets,  provided  with  suitable 
bins  for  storing  the  corn,  etc.  Directly  in  front  is  the  laying-room.  This  is  fitted  up  with 
seventy-six  nests  in  two  tiers,  each  nest  occupying  a  cube  of  about  eighteen  inches.  The 
lower  row  is  twelve  inches  above  the  floor,  and  the  entrances  are  in  the  form  of  an  oval, 
facing  upon  a  broad  step.  The  front  of  each  is  separated  from  the  front  of  the  next,  by  a 
perpendicular  board  or  partition  about  a  foot  wide,  extending  out  at  right  angles  between 
them.  The  passage  between  these  nests  and  the  wall  is  about  two  feet  wide,  and  from  this 
passage  are  frequent  openings  to  the  yard.  The  whole  of  the  passage  to  the  lower  tier  is 
shelved  over,  which  shelf  forms  a  platform  to  enter  the  second  tier  by,  being  reached  by 


SECTION   8EC0KB — PLATE   NO.    37. 

step-ladders  from  the  yard.  The  nests  here  are  sheltered  in  the  same  way  as  the  lower  tier, 
and  the  passage-way  is  covered  over  with  lattice-work  horizontally,  on  a  line  with  the  tops 
of  the  second  tier  of  nests,  to  prevent  the  hens  roosting  in  this  part.  All  this  work  being 
on  hinges,  may  he  swung  up  for  cleaning  at  any  time.  Back  of  the  nests  is  the  passage  for 
examining  them  and  removing  the  eggs,  each  box  having  a  door  with  a  lock  or  catch  of  some 
kind. 

The  roosting  and  feeding-room  is  twelve  by  twenty-four  feet,  and  has  water-boxes,  feed- 
boxes,  etc. 

In  the  left  wing  are  two  rooms  for  chickens,  and  two  small  rooms  for  sitting-hens, 
which  should  be  provided  with  nests,  water,  etc. 

There  are  two  chimneys  in  this  building  and  a  large  ventilator  on  the  roof. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  37 


An  Extensive  Poultry  House. 


Perspective   View 


Plan 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  38. 

AN  OENAMENTAL  POULTRY-HOUSE. 

This  design  for  an  ornamental  poultry-bouse  was  made  for  a  gentleman  in  Garrison's  a 
few  years  since. 

It  is  designed  to  be  of  brick  with  a  slated  roof,  and  with  the  front,  facing  towards  the 
south,  nearly  all  of  glass.  There  is  a  sort  of  tower  on  the  left,  with  a  pigeon-house  in  the 
upper  part.  The  floors  are  concrete,  finished  off  with  cement.  The  heater  is  under  ground, 
in  the  right  hand  room,  and  the  flue  for  smoke  passes  under  the  floor  and  terminates  in  a 
chimney  on  the  extreme  left.  There  is  a  room  for  chickens,  provided  with  boxes,  etc.,  and 
next  it  a  room  for  feeding  and  roosting. 

In  the  tower  are  rooms  for  sitting  hens  and  laying  hens,  and  over  these  rooms  are  other 
roosts.  There  are  troughs  for  water,  boxes  for  feed,  and  other  boxes  for  oyster-shells,  ashes, 
etc.,  conveniently  placed  in  the  several  rooms. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  38 


An  Ornamental  Poultry  House. 


Perspective 


PLAN 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  39. 

ANICE-HOUSE. 

This  is  a  design  for  a  stone  ice-house.  It  is  supposed  to  be  built  partly  out  of  ground 
and  partly  beneath,  and  located  somewhere  in  a  grove  of  trees,  so  as  to  be  protected  from 
the  heat  of  the  sun. 

It  measures  twelve  feet  square  in  the  clear  on  the  inside,  and  eighteen  feet  square  on 
the  outside,  and  will  contain  about  fifty  tons  of  ice.  The  foundations  are  about  ten  feet 
below  the  grade  of  the  ground,  and  the  walls  rise  to  a  height  of  eight  feet  above  it,  and 
are  covered  with  a  steep  and  broadly  overhanging  roof  It  is  built  with  two  walls,  as  fol- 
lows :  The  outer  wall  is  of  stone,  and  twenty  inches  thick,  laid  in  cement-mortar  from  the 
foundation  to  the  plate.  Inside  of  this  wall,  and  eight  inches  from  it  all  around,  is  carried 
up  an  eight-inch  brick  wall.  This  wall  commences  twelve  inches  thick,  and  is  carried  up 
that  thickness  a  short  distance,  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  ledge  on  which  locust  beams 
may  rest  to  carry  the  floor.  The  walls  are  carried  way  up  to  the  under  side  of  the  roof- 
boards  and  there  tightly  pointed,  so  that  the  eight-inch  space  is  a  space  of  dead  air. 

On  the  line  of  the  plate  the  ice-house  is  tightly  ceiled  over  and  then  covered  with  a 
layer  of  tan  or  sawdust  about  a  foot  thick,  and  the  space  above  is  well-ventilated. 

The  bottom  of  the  ice-house  is  dug  out  as  much  as  practicable,  and  then  filled  up  level, 
and  close  to  the  proposed  floor,  with  small  cobble-stones,  so  that  thi'ough  these  there  may 
be  ample  drainage.  Then  the  locust  beams  are  placed  on  the  ledges  before  spoken  of,  and 
covered  with  a  loose  plank  floor  made  of  narrow  and  thick  plank,  and  on  this  the  ice  may 
be  packed. 

The  doors  are  made  double,  and  both  peifectly  tight.  One  is  hung  on  the  inside  edge 
of  the  wall,  and  the  other  on  the  outside  edge,  and  both  have  strong  fastenings  and  hinges. 
It  will  be  well  to  have  the  inner  door  made  in  two  lengths,  so  that  when  the  ice-house  is 
nearly  full  only  the  upper  part  may  be  exposed  to  the  air,  when  ice  is  being  removed. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  39 


An  Ice  House. 


Perspective 


Plan 
16  Feet  to  one    Inch 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  40. 

A  SWISS  FAKM-HOUSE. 

This  picture  represents  a  rough  stone  farm-house,  designed  after  the  manner  of  a  Swiss 
Chalet. 

The  walls  are  low,  and  built  in  the  roughest  manner  of  common  stones,  picked  up  here 
and  there  on  the  side  of  the  hill  where  it  is  located.  The  roof  is  broad,  and  the  eaves  pro- 
ject some  six  feet  beyond  the  walls,  and  are  supported  on  very  heavy  brackets  made  of 
plank  and  joists.  The  entrance  being  some  feet  above  the  path  along  the  front,  is  reached 
by  a  flight  of  rough  steps,  guarded  by  a  rustic  balustrade  or  railing  made  of  rough  cedar 
sticks.  On  the  upper  side  is  a  stoop  with  a  gravel  floor,  and  a  roof  formed  by  a  continua- 
tion of  the  main  roof  and  supported  on  cedar  posts.  The  main  door  opens  directly  into  the 
living-room,  which  is  a  pleasant  room,  measuring  fourteen  feet  by  sixteen.  There  is  a  side 
entry  four  feet  wide  opening  out  upon  the  stoop,  and  also  into  a  bed-room,  eleven  feet  by 
twelve.  Connected  with  this  bed-room  is  a  pantry  or  closet,  and  between  the  bed-room  and 
living-room  is  a  stairway  to  the  attic.     The  cellar  stairs  are  under  these. 

The  attics  have  two  bed-rooms  finished  off,  and  the  cellar  has  a  milk-room  and  a  coal- 
room. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  40 


A  Swiss  Farm  House. 


PERSPECTIVE 


Plan 


SECTION  SECOND. 
Plate  No.  41. 

A   BILLIAED-HOUSE. 

This  little  building  was  designed  for  a  billiard-house  on  a  gentleman's  place  near 
Newburgh. 

It  is  of  brick  on  a  stone  foundation,  and  has  an  ornamental  slated  roof  surmounted  by 
a  large  sky-light.  The  walls  are  eight  inches  thick,  and  ten  feet  high  to  the  wall-plate.  In 
the  centre  of  the  front  is  an  ornamental  portico  which  shields  the  front  entrance,  and  which 
in  winter  may  be  entirely  enclosed  by  a  storm-casing. 

The  room  inside  measures  twenty  by  twenty-six  feet,  and  is  nine  feet  high  to  the  cornice 
and  sixteen  feet  high  in  the  centre.  The  walls  are  furred  off  and  plastered  and  tinted. 
There  is  a  floor  of  Southern  pine  and  black  walnut  laid  in  patterns,  and  a  wainscoting  of  South- 
ern pine  with  base  and  cap  of  walnut.  The  window  and  door  trimmings  are  of  the  same. 
The  roof  is  finished  with  ornamental  rafteis  and  tracery,  and  ceiled  up  with  narrow  ceiling, 
the  rafters  being  stained  dark  and  the  ceiling  simply  shellacked.  The  skylight  is  neatly 
finished,  and  has  ventilating  windows  regulated  by  ropes  from  below.  In  each  of  the  four 
corners  there  are  neat  comer  cupboards,  one  of  which  is  for  a  wash-bowl,  one  for  billiard- 
cues,  balls,  etc.,  and  two  for  coats.  The  billiard-table  is  in  the  centre  of  the  room,  and  has 
ample  space  all  around  it  for  players. 


Section  Second. 


Plate  No.  41 


A  Billiard  House. 


^B*5^- 


PEBSPECTIVE 


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DOOR 

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1  Stoop 

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Plan 


StCTION 


SECTION   THIRD. 


GATES,    GATEWAYS,    AND    FENCES. 


SECTION  THIRD. 
Plate  No.  42. 

SIX  DESIGNS  FOR  FINISHED  FENCES. 

On  this  plate  we  represent  half  a  dozen  designs  for  finished  fences. 

No.  1  has  a  boxed  post  fourteen  inches  square,  made  of  inch  and  a  quarter  or  inch  and 
a  half  pine  plank,  secured  to  a  locust  post,  which  is  set  three  and  a  half  feet  in  the  ground. 

The  fence  is  about  five  feet  high,  and  is  made  of  plank  strips  about  eight  inches  wide, 
the  outsides  of  which  are  sawed  to  a  pattern,  and  placed  about  an  inch  apart,  and  secured  at 
the  top  and  bottom  by  string-pieces,  with  a  moulding  on  the  outside  near  the  bottom,  and 
a  heavy  cap  on  the  top.  The  work  is  all  neatly  planed,  and  the  whole  should  be  painted 
and  sanded. 

No.  2  has  a  stone  post  about  two  feet  square,  and  a  stone  base  two  and  a  half  feet  high, 
set  three  and  a  half  feet  in  the  ground.  The  sill  is  of  pine,  four  by  twelve-inch  stuff,  bev- 
eled on  top,  and  the  fence  itself  above  this  is  similarly  made  to  No.  1. 

No.  3  is  a  tight  board  fence  made  of  tongued  and  grooved  plank,  put  together  with 
white  lead  in  the  joints.  It  has  a  moulded  base  about  twelve  inches  high,  and  a  heavy  cap 
covering  the  top  edges.  Just  below  the  cap  a  scroll-work,  sawed  out  of  inch  and  a  half 
stuff,  is  planted  on  the  face,  and  under  this  is  a  heavy  belt-moulding. 

No.  4  has  a  cased  post  and  a  wooden  tight  bottom  about  two  feet  high,  and  on  this  is 
put  an  iron  railing  which  is  screwed  fast  to  both,  and  to  locust  posts  put  at  intervals  of 
about  seven  feet  —  or  braced  by  iron  rods  to  dwarf  posts  set  inside  the  fence. 

No.  5  is  similar  to  No.  1,  except  that  the  strips  are  only  five  inches  wide,  and  are  set 
only  about  one-quarter  to  one-third  of  an  inch  apart,  and  the  sawing  is  all  near  the  top. 

No.  6  has  a  tight  board-bottom,  and  above  it  open  pickets  of  four-inch  stuff,  placed  four 
inches  apart,  and  the  tops  sawed  in  a  trefoil  pattern. 


Section  First. 


Plate  No.  42 


Finished  Fences. 


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SECTION  THIRD. 
Plate  No.  43. 

SIX  IRON  AND  STONE  FENCES. 

This  plate  shows  some  designs  for  iron  fences  with  stone  posts  and  stone  bases,  or 
dwarf  walls. 

They  are  suitable  for  enclosures  on  the  public  streets  of  large  towns,  but  hardly  appro- 
priate for  the  country,  both  on  account  of  their  greater  cost,  and  because  they  have  an  arti- 
ficial, finished  appearance,  that  does  not  accord  well  with  the  country. 

The  great  fault,  generally,  with  iron  fences,  even  in  the  city,  is  that  they  are  too  elabor- 
ate altogether  ;  too  highly  wrought  with  figures  and  carvings,  in  imitation  of  what  might 
be  done  in  some  other  material,  but  never  properly  in  iron. 

An  iron  fence  should  be  substantial  and  strong,  carrying  with  it  an  idea  of  protection, 
yet  should  be  light  and  unobtrusive,  and  neat  withal. 

Design  No,  1  has  a  stone  post  and  a  stone  base,  twenty  inches  wide  at  the  ground  and 
two  and  a  half  feet  high,  battering  up  to  nothing  at  the  top,  and  surmounted  by  a  single 
rod  of  iron  with  uprights  at  frequent  intervals  to  support  it.  The  bevels  of  the  stone-work 
are  all  hammer-dressed,  but  the  vertical  faces  are  left  rough.  This  fence  is  very  simple,  and 
would  answer  for  an  enclosure  to  a  church-yard. 

No.  2  has  a  more  elaborate  post  which,  with  the  base,  might  be  of  brown  stone,  as  the 
carving  could  be  more  easily  executed  in  that  material  than  in  any  harder  stone.  The  base 
is  about  eighteen  inches  high,  with  a  saddle-back  top  and  a  rough  face,  and  the  iron-work  is 
light  and  open,  — may  be  made  of  gas-pipe. 

No.  3  is  quite  elaborate,  and  Nos.  4  and  6  rather  plain.  The  posts  of  all  these  should 
be  of  brown  stone. 

No.  5  has  a  heavy  split  granite  post,  and  a  rough  rubble  stone  dwarf  wall,  coped  with 
a  dressed  stone,  and  surmounted  by  a  low  iron  railing. 

The  foundations  of  all  these  fences  should  be  set  from  three  and  a  half  to  four  feet 
below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  to  prevent  any  possibility  of  their  being  thrown  by  the 
frost,  as  nothing  can  look  worse  than  to  see  a  fence  or  wall  tipped  over  at  all  sorts  of  angles 
with  the  ground,  owing  to  a  lack  of  proper  depth  of  base-course  or  foundation. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No. 43. 


Iron  and  Stone  Fences. 


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SECTION   THIRD. 
Plate  No.  44. 

SIX   EUSTIC    FENCES. 

OuE  designs  for  fences  would  hardly  1)6  complete  without  a  few  suggestions  in  the  way 
of  rustic  fences ;  accordingly,  on  this  plate  we  exhibit  half  a  dozen  examples  of  them  in 
their  more  simple  and  easily  constructed  forms. 

Designs  of  this  sort  may  be  varied  almost  to  infinity,  according  to  the  taste  of  the  work- 
man and  the  materials  with  which  he  has  to  work.  A  skillful  person,  in  a  ramble  of  a 
couple  of  hours  in  the  woods,  may  pick  up  hundreds  of  different  kinds  of  twists  and  crooks, 
all  of  which  he  may  make  use  of,  and  by  the  exercise  of  a  little  ingenuity  in  the  combination 
of  these  crooked  pieces  with  straight  ones,  he  may  work  up  a  very  pretty  design.  In  build- 
ing a  run  of,  say  a  hundred  feet,  he  may  make  the  different  sections  all  dissimilar,  and  by 
dividing  each  section  into  a  number  of  smaller  panels,  as  shown  in  the  second  figure  of  Plate 
44,  he  may  make  a  very  great  variety  of  pretty  patterns.  This  figure  shows  a  section  of 
about  eight  feet,  divided  into  four  panels.  Straight  pieces  are  used  for  strength,  and  the 
filling  up  is  of  the  crooked  stuff. 

The  heavy  posts  which  divide  the  sections  should  be  from  six  to  eight  feet  apart  —  not 
over  eight  —  and  should  be  set  from  three  and  a  half  to  four  feet  in  the  ground ;  and  it 
would  be  well  to  char  the  ends,  as  by  so  doing  the  possibilities  are  that  the  posts  will  last 
longer  than  if  not. 

Red  cedar  is  the  best  material,  though  sometimes  white  oak,  and  sometimes  locust 
is  used. 

Designs  Nos.  1,  3  and  5,  all  have  solid  posts  made  of  trunks  of  cedar  trees. 

Nos.  2  and  4  have  cedai'  or  locusts  posts  boxed  out  with  rough  boards,  and  then  covered 
over  with  strips  of  small  stuff  split,  and  the  flat  side  nailed  to  the  boxing. 

No.  6  has  a  very  rough  stone  post,  and  a  dwarf  wall  sixteen  inches  thick,  coped  with  a 
rough  blue  stone  coping,  and  surmounted  by  rustic  work  secured  by  iron  fastenings. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No.  44. 


Rustic  Fences. 


P^iM^M^^^Mi 


I 


SECTION  THIRD. 
Plate  No.  45. 

TWO   RUSTIC    GATEWAYS. 

Plate  No.  45  represents  two  designs  for  rustic  gate-ways. 

No.  1  is  a  small  gate-way  and  two  sections  of  a  rustic  fence,  slightly  differing  from  each 
other  in  design,  and  constructed  in  a  similar  manner  to  those  on  the  last  plate. 

No.  2  is  a  carriage  gate-way,  suitable  for  an  entrance  to  a  gentleman's  place.  The  gate- 
house is  seen  on  the  right,  just  within  the  fence.  The  central  part,  for  carriages,  is  twelve 
feet  wide,  and  the  gates  are  in  two  parts.  The  smaller  ones  are  four  feet  wide  each.  That 
one  on  the  left  may  l)e  made  stationary,  it  having  been  introduced  only  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  a  balance  to  the  different  parts  of  the  design. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No.  45. 


Rustic  Gateways. 


SECTION   THIRD. 
Plate  No.  46. 

TWO    EUSTIC    GATEWAYS. 

This  plate  shows  two  other  designs  for  rustic  gate-ways. 

No.  1  is  a  single  carriage  gate  ten  feet  wide,  with  a  smaller  hooded  gate  at  the  side  of 
it.  All  are  made  of  red  cedar,  except  that  the  hood  of  the  small  gate  is  first  boarded  over 
with  rough  boards  and  then  covered  with  bark,  nailed  on. 

No.  2  is  a  small  gate-way  through  a  stone  wall,  suitable  for  a  church-yard  gate.  This 
is  made  of  sawed  stuff.  The  posts  are  seven  or  eight  inches  square,  and  the  roof  is  sup- 
ported on  heavy  sawed  brackets,  and  covered  with  bark  in  the  same  manner  as  No.  1. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No.  46. 


Rustic  Gateways. 


UAAAJ 


SECTION  THIRD. 
Plate  No.  47. 

THREE   CARRIAGE  GATEWAYS. 

Plate  No.  47  exhibits  three  designs  for  finished  carriage  gate- ways,  and  sections  of  the 
adjoining  fences. 

No.  1  has  stone  posts  and  stone  dwarf  walls  coped  with  flat  flagging,  and  surmounted 
by  an  iron  railing  similar  to  some  of  those  on  Plate  No.  43. 

No.  2  is  a  gate-way  recently  put  up  on  the  same  place  in  Newburgh  as  the  stable  shown 
on  Plate  No.  11.  There  are  four  locust  posts  boxed  mth  plank,  and  moulded  with  heavy 
mouldings.  The  lai'ge  gate-way  is  twelve  feet  wide,  made  of  three  by  four-inch  stuff,  braced 
and  bracketed  with  two-inch  stuff.  The  smaller  gate- ways  are  four  feet  wide,  and  the  gate 
on  the  left  is  stationary.  The  pickets  are  four  feet  long,  five  inches  broad  at  the  bottom  and 
two  at  the  top,  and  rest  on  top  of  a  base  board.  The  gates  stand  back  about  thirty  feet 
from  the  front  line,  and  are  connected  with  the  main  fence  by  two  quarter-circle  sweeps, 
making  a  clear  space  or  recess  of  about  thirty  by  eighty  feet,  which  adds  much  to  the  appear- 
ance of  the  entrance,  besides  giving  space  to  turn  round  in,  clear  of  the  public  road. 

Design  No.  3  has  dressed  and  moulded  brown  stone  posts  and  heavy  gates  braced  with 
iron  and  ornamented  with  sawed  work,  and  having  heavy  ornamental  strap-hinges.  The 
fence  is  composed  of  three-inch  rails  and  four-inch  posts,  made  of  hard  wood  and  champ- 
tered. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No.  47 


Carriage   Gateways. 


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SECTION  THIRD. 
Plate  No.  48. 

SIX   SINGLE    GATES. 

This  plate  illustrates  six  designs  for  small  single  gates.  They  are  all  the  same  size, 
being  four  feet  in  width  and  three  feet  and  four  inches  high.  They  are  all  designed  to  be 
made  of  pine,  the  frames  of  two-and-a-quarter  by  three-and-a-quarter  or  three-and-a-halt-inch 
stuff,  and  the  inner  braces,  etc.,  of  two-inch  stuff. 

No.  1  has  curved  braces  and  iron  tightening-rods. 

No.  2  is  a  plain  design,  made  with  straight-framed  braces  and  sawed  work  beneath. 

No.  3  is  strengthened  by  iron  rods,  and  has  sawed  work  in  the  lower  part. 

No.  4  has  twisted  dwarf  columns  above,  and  below  the  cross-rail  is  ceiled  up,  and  has 
ornamental  one-and-a-quarter-inch  braces  planted  on  each  side. 

No.  5  is  all  framed  together,  and  is  the  most  expensive  design  of  the  set. 

No.  6  has  sawed  balusters  and  angle  brackets. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No.  48 


Single  Gates. 


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SECTION  THIRD. 

Plate  No.  49. 

A  STONE   GATE-HOUSE. 

An  arrangement  like  the  one  shown  on  this  plate,  always  serves  to  give  character  to  a 
gentleman's  country  place,  besides  being  a  great  convenience  to  the  persons  whose  duty  is  to 
open  and  shut  the  gates. 

The  house  itself  is  a  small,  low-walled  building,  constructed  of  rough  stone,  and  having 
on  the  first  floor  a  parlor,  kitchen  and  back  kitchen,  and  in  the  second  story  a  couple  of  good 
sleeping-rooms. 

The  parlor  and  kitchen  both  measure  eleven  feet  by  thirteen,  and  the  back  kitchen  is 
eight  l)y  fourteen.  There  are  stairs  to  the  second  story  rising  from  the  front  entry,  and 
under  them  a  flight  to  the  cellar.     The  back  kitchen  has  a  door  leading  to  the  yard. 

The  gate-posts  are  of  dressed  stone,  and  the  right  hand  one  forms  a  base  for  one  of  the 
columns  of  the  porch  at  the  entrance,  there  being  another  similar  post  under  the  corresponding 
column  of  the  porch.  The  passage-way  for  persons  walking  is  under  this  porch,  there  being  a 
small  gate  hung  there  —  not  shown  in  the  picture,  however.  The  main  gates  are  of  wood 
braced  with  iron,  and  hung  with  heavy  ornamental  strap-hinges. 

This  gate-way  should  stand  from  thirty  to  fifty  feet  back  from  the  street,  and  have  two 
quarter-circle  sweeps  of  stone  wall  connecting  it  with  the  main  line  of  wall,  and  having 
heavy  stone  posts  at  the  intersection  surmounted  with  vases,  like  the  left  hand  post  in 
the  picture.  The  whole  thing  should  be  well  supported  by  trees  and  shrubbery  which 
should  be  planted  in  heavy  masses  all  around  it,  and  partially  hide  it  from  view.  A  couple 
of  large  elms  or  maples,  planted  just  outside  the  wall,  one  on  each  side,  would  add  still 
more  to  the  effect. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No. 49 


A  Stone  Gate  House. 


Elevation 


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Plan 


SECTION   THIRD. 
Plate  No.  50. 

SIX    RUSTIC    STRUCTURES. 

OuE  last  plate  of  designs  sliows  some  rustic  structures  which  may  be  very  easily  made 
of  red  cedar  or  white  oak. 

No.  1  is  a  pump-house,  which  is  built  directly  upon  the  platform  which  covers  the  well 
and  surrounds  the  pump.  There  are  four  posts  made  of  trees,  surmounted  by  a  hipped  roof 
covered  with  bark  or  thatch. 

No.  2  is  a  covering  for  a  well  made  in  the  same  manner. 

No.  3  is  an  opening  or  passage-way  in  a  stone  wall  covered  with  a  roof;  very  suitable 
for  an  entrance  to  a  small  country  place,  or  for  a  church-yard  gate. 

No.  4  is  a  hood  for  a  window  or  door,  such  as  might  be  used  with  advantage  on  any 
small  and  cheap  cottage. 

No.  5  is  a  summer-house  table,  and  No.  6  is  a  garden-sofa  made  of  rustic  work. 


Section  Third. 


Plate  No.  50 


Rustic  Structures, 


D  ;  a 
II 


SUPPLEMENT. 
Plates  Nos.  61  to  62. 

STABLE  FITTINaS. 

In  tLe  twelve  Plates  whicli  follow,  we  have  introduced  a  number  of  examples  of  the 
improved  Stable  Fittings,  together  with  some  illustrations  of  Stall  and  Boxes,  aU  com- 
pletely fitted  up  after  the  most  approved  manner. 

They  have  been  selected  from  the  extensive  Catalogue  of  James  L.  Jackson  &  Bro., 
East  28th  and  29th  Streets  and  2d  Avenue,  New  York,  who  have  allowed  the  use  of  them 
in  this  work. 

Plates  51,  52  and  53,  represent  ranges  of  stalls  and  boxes,  showing  the  iron  feed  and 
water  boxes,  the  iron  partition  guards,  and  the  gutter  running  along  behind  the  stalls. 

Plates  54,  55  and  56,  show  the  guards  on  a  larger  scale,  and  in  a  number  of  different 
patterns. 

On  plates  57,  58,  59  and  60,  are  several  different  kinds  of  mangers,  racks,  brackets, 
ventilators,  gutters,  &c.,  and,  on  plate  61  is  shown  a  new  method  of  hanging  up  harnesses 
in  a  cupboard  or  against  a  wall. 

Plate  62  shows  four  designs  for  iron-window  guards,  suitable  for  stable  windows. 


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L    GUARD. 

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LATTICE     STALL 
7  ft.  1  in.  by  2  ft.  1  in 

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SHORT     STAR     8TAL 

4  ft.  10  in.  long,  by  2  ft.  I 

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Supplement. 


Plate  No.  65. 


SHORT     STAR    STALL    GUARD. 

4  ft.  10  in.  long,  by  2  ft.  2  in.  high. 


SHERWOOD  STALL  GUARD. 
7ft.  9ln.  long,  by  2  ft.  6ln.  high. 


WROUGHT  BAR  STALL  GUARD. 


Supplement. 


Plate  No.  56. 


WIRE     STALL     GUARD. 

7ft.  2  in.  long,  by  2  ft.  11  in.  high. 


LATTICE     GUARD. 

For  Box  Stalls,  and  for  the  Ends  of  other  Stalls.    2  ft.  2  In.  high. 


STAR     GUARDS. 

For  Box  Stalls,  and  for  the  Ends  of  other  Stalls.    1  ft.  10  in.  high. 


Supplement. 


Plate  No.  67. 


'   . 


IMPROVED  STABLE  FITTINGS. 

Consisting  of  Hay  Box,  Manger,  and  Water  Trough,  as  one 
fixture,  with  round  guard  in  front,  with  halter  guide,  and 
weight  at  back  of  stall.  Length,  4-  ft.  6  in.  to  5  ft.,  by  1  ft. 
10  in.  wide. 


IMPROVED  STABLE  FITTINGS. 

Consisting  of  Hay  Box  and  Manger,  as  one 
fixture,  with  round  guard  in  front,  and  im- 
proved fittings  for  halter  guides,  not  shown 
on  cut.  Length,  4  ft.  0  in.,  to  4  ft.  6  in.,  by 
1  ft.  10  in.  wide. 


IMPROVED  STABLE  FITTINGS. 

Consisting  of  Heavy  Iron  Hay  Rack,  Manger,  and  Water 
Trough,  with  round  guard  In  front,  as  one  fixture,  with 
innproved  fittings  for  halter  guide,  preventing  the  horse  from 
becoming  entangled  with  the  halter.  Length,  4  ft.  6  in.  to 
5  ft.  0  in.    by  1  ft.  10  in.  wide. 


IMPROVED  STABLE  FITTINGS  FOR  BOX  STALLS. 

Consisting  of  Hay  Box,  Manger,  and  Water  Trough,  with  round 
guard  in  front,  to  prevent  Injury  to  the  horse,  and  improved 
halter  guide. 


IMPROVED  STABLE  FITTINGS  FOR  BOX  STALLS 

Consisting  of  Hay  Box  and  Manger,  with  round  guard 
in  front,  to  prevent  injury  to  ihe  horse,  with  improved 
halter  guide,  not  shown  on  drawing. 
Size  3  ft.  6  in.,  by  2  ft.  5  in. 


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Supplement. 


Plate  No.  68- 


OAT  MANGER  AND  WATER  TROUGH  COMBINED. 

Size  of  Oat  Manger,  16f  in.  by  13i  in.  by  11  in  deep.   Size  of 
Water  Troughi  U  in.  by  13i  in.  by  11  in.  deep. 


OAT    MANGER. 
Size  22iin.  by  141  in  by  9i  in.  deep. 


CORNER   OAT    MANGER. 
Inside  Measure,  16i  in.  by  16  iin.  by  1U  in.  deep. 


OAT    MANGER. 
Size,  inside  measurei  16*  in.  long,  12  in.  wide,  9t  in.  deep. 


*'t*'/.-f-^/9^.. 


WET   BRUSH   AND  SPONGE 
BOXES. 
14  in.  by  6  in. 


HEAVY  CESS   POOL  FOR 
STABLES. 
Size,  \^  in,  by  14  ir. 


SECTION   OF  CESS 
POOL   TRAP. 

12  in.  round. 


■w. 


Supplement. 


Plate  No.  59. 


HEAVY  SQUARE  CESS  POOL. 
14  in.  by  18  in.,  by  3  in.  deep. 


ROUND   CESS  POOL       ,m 
Also  nnade  as  a  Trap. 


LARGE   TRAP. 


BRACKET  FOR  OILING  AND 
WASHING  HARNESS. 


SADDLE  BRACKET. 


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QUARTER  CIRCLE  HAY  RACK. 


8TABLE  CUTTER  AND  TRAP. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


Plate  No.  60. 


I« 


HALF  CIRCLE  HAY  RACK. 


QUARTER  CIRCLE  WROUGHT-IRON  HAY  RACK.  (^ 


BLANKET  ROLLER. 


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NIBBLING  BAR  AND  SOCKET. 
For  wood  mangers.  Diameter  of  Bar.  3  in. 


ROUND  VENTILATORS. 

Size,  5  in.    6  in.        8  in. 

48  cts.    58  cts.    75  cts.    eacli  by  dozen« 


CARRIAGE  POLE  BRACKET. 


HARNESS  HOOKS. 
Large  and  Small  Size. 


VENTILATOR, 

for  the  introduction  of  fresh  air  through  an  external  wall, 

without  draft. 

When  the  Ventilator  i»  opon,  as  shown,  the  incoming  fteeh  airftom 
withont  is  diverted  towards  the  ceiling,  where  it  will  spread  on  all 
sides  and  become  warm,  so  that  in  its  descent  it  will  not  cause  the 
slightest  draft,  as  the  well-known  fact  that  cold  air  is  heavier  than  warm 
air,  and  descends,  while  the  warm  air  ascends.  It  la  closed  and  opened 
by  a  cord. 


Supplement. 


D 

D 

D 

a 

Plate  No.  6I. 

• 

NEW  METHOD  OF  HANGING  UP  HARNESS, 


C  is  Bracket  for  hanging  up  Hames. 


A  is  Bracket  for  hanging  up  Collar 
(        B  Lines- 


Tie  Ring. 


O  for  Hanging  up  Crupper. 
E  "  Saddle. 


Supplement. 


Plate  No.  62. 


WROUGHT    IRON    WINDOW    GUARDS,    FOR   STABLES    &.   OTHER    BUILDINGS. 


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